Prevention of non-healing wounds through the prediction of chronicity.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Kingsley.
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Honey is gaining popularity as a dressing for chronic wounds. Existing literature attributes honey with a number of useful properties, such as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, deodorization, debriding and anti-inflammatory actions and stimulation of new tissue growth. Case studies are being published increasingly which record positive outcomes with its use. Recent national media attention has featured the beneficial effects of honey in wound care and patients are beginning to request treatment. While honey may become a useful and widely accepted product for wound management in the future, the following case studies demonstrate that not all the expected beneficial effects are always realized in practice.
Waterbirths are increasingly being offered as an option, although concerns about associated infection risks have been expressed. We undertook an audit of current practice in our region to help formulate an infection control policy. Questionnaires were sent to the Infection Control Nurses at 16 centres, with a request for completion in conjunction with the Infection Control Doctor. Fourteen (88%) centres responded, 11 of which carried out waterbirthing. Eight had permanent on-site pools, of which five were permanently plumbed in and provided with separate water inlets and outlets. All eight centres had infection control policies for waterbirthing. Six policies included care of the pool using detergent and disinfectant (chlorine-releasing compounds) and two using detergent alone. In none of the centres were the mothers tested for blood-borne viruses. Six centres collected data on infection in mother or child, and two carried out regular microbiological testing of pools. Infection control policies for waterbirths should include instructions for pool maintenance and decontamination, for prevention of legionella, for universal precautions and for use of personal protective equipment. Post-natal surveillance of mothers and babies is required in order to ascertain infection rates.
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The need for effective infection control applies to all areas of patient care, but is often carried out on an ad hoc basis. Implementing infection control procedures as part of the nursing process will ensure this area of care is not overlooked.
Surgical wound infection is costly to the NHS and debilitating to the patient. Thorough assessment of patients' risk of developing infection allows nurses to act to reduce that risk.
Infection and bacterial colonization are important factors in compromised wound healing, particularly in chronic wounds. The current "best practice" for controlling these factors is still unclear. Systemic antibiotics are generally accepted as being the preferred choice for treating infection, provided that ischaemia does not interfere. However, their widespread systemic and topical use is leading to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Colonization of wounds presents a double problem: possible delayed healing if out of balance with the immune system; and as a source for cross-infection. Managing colonization is not yet defined in best practice. The judicious use of dressings, notably those containing certain antiseptic agents, can be valuable in infection control and in promoting healing. This review states the case for taking the antiseptic route as part of the concerted approach to local wound management and infection control.
The management and treatment of infection is a complex and important area in tissue viability nursing. Andrew Kingsley discusses the value of microbiology to clinical practice and the importance of adopting a proactive approach to the management of infected wounds using an infection continuum and algorithm to help promote effective care.
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