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Biomedical subjects

A Kleiner

Publications and source records attributed to A Kleiner.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

3D reconstruction of the cardiovascular and central nervous system of a human embryo Carnegie-stage 15--case report.

A human embryo at Carnegie stage 15 was serially sectioned and 3D computer aided reconstructions were made to demonstrate the cardiovascular system and cranial structures and to study developmental variations at this stage. The development of the heart and pharyngeal arteries was according to the existing literature. Differences were found in the development of the arterial circle of Willis and the central nervous system. The cranial venous system seemed to show great variability. Whereas the telencephalon was not developed according to the stage, the development of the hypophysis had occurred prior to stage 15. From the results we conclude that there are remarkable individual differences in embryological differentiation of structures which have to be taken into account during staging of human embryos.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1997

[Aicardi syndrome and acquired retinal detachment].

BACKGROUND: The Aicardi syndrome is a complex of congenital anomalies consisting of agenesis of the corpus callosum, infantile spasms and pathognomonic chorioretinal lacunar lesions. An acquired detachment of the retina was reported only in one patient. HISTORY AND SIGNS: We report about a nine-month-old girl with Aicardi syndrome. She presented the typical signs of this syndrome and an acquired detachment in both eyes. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: We performed a translimbal vitrectomy with silicon-oil instillation on the right eye. CONCLUSION: On the basis of histological findings reported in the literature we suggest a combined pathogenesis of the ablatio retinae in our patient with Aicardi syndrome: traction and foramina.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Value of serum digoxin concentration measurement in the control of digoxin therapy in atrial fibrillation.

The association between steady-state serum digoxin concentrations and control of ventricular response rate (VRR) was studied in 53 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation. Decreases in VRR were significantly correlated with serum digoxin (rs = -0.22, P less than 0.05). Clinical responses were appropriate to serum digoxin concentrations in 37 patients (69.8%) and were inappropriate in 16 (30.2%) (P less than 0.05). Complicating clinical factors were present in all eight patients with inappropriate responses to therapeutic serum digoxin (0.5 to 2.0 ng/ml) (P = 0.046), but were also found in many patients with appropriate responses and thus could not serve to differentiate between the two categories. Digitalis intoxication occurred in one of the three patients with a concentration of serum digoxin greater than 2 ng/ml (P = 0.056). In 30% of our patients with atrial fibrillation, monitoring of serum digoxin was of value in identifying inappropriate therapeutic responses indistinguishable by clinical means and in defining the subgroup of refractory cases, which allows the prevention of digitalis intoxication.

Atrial Fibrillation↗
PubMed1977

A description of the Kurzweil reading machine and a status report on its testing and dissemination.

This paper presents a technical overview of the different subsystems of the Kurzweil Reading Machine--the nature of the information processed by each subsystem and the type of transformations performed. A description of how the user directs the machine is provided. The Veterans Administration's testing program, as well as those of the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, the Rehabilitation Services Administration, and the National Federation of the Blind, are outlined. Preliminary tests of the machine with blind secondary school students have focused on the intelligibility of the synthetic speech output, and the results of these tests are presented.

Blindness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What does it mean to be green?

Today a company is not considered environmentalist unless it moves beyond mere compliance with government regulations to behavior its competitors, and even customers, do not expect. How should it set its agenda? Author Art Kleiner proposes that, to be green, a company must ask three questions: What products should we bring to market? How much disclosure of pollution information should we support? And how can we reduce waste at its source? These questions can't be answered, Kleiner says, unless managers insist on sustainable growth. In this sense, a big investment in environmentalism is like a big one in R&D--both presuppose patient capital and managerial maturity. What are green products? Kleiner cautions against giving in to misinformed public opinion--as McDonald's did in giving up its styrene "clamshells," which were more recyclable than the composite papers it switched to. Rather, companies should rely on literature that analyzes the product life cycle. As for public disclosure, the benefits may be unexpected. Federal legislation requiring companies to report the emission of potentially hazardous waste to a central data bank has not made environmentalists attack them. Rather, it has forced companies to learn what chemicals they inadvertently produce and how much--knowledge that helps them improve production processes. Sharing it helps ecological researchers study the combined effects of plant emissions. As for pollution prevention, Kleiner notes the analogy to quality and observes that it is better to design harmful waste products out of the system than catch them at the end of the line.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How to make experience your company's best teacher.

In our personal life, experience is often the best teacher. Not so in corporate life. After a major event--a product failure, a downsizing crisis, or a merger--many companies stumble along, oblivious to the lessons of the past. Mistakes get repeated, but smart decisions do not. Most important, the old ways of thinking are never discussed, so they are still in place to spawn new mishaps. Individuals will often tell you that they understand what went wrong (or right). Yet their insights are rarely shared openly. And they are analyzed and internalized by the company even less frequently. Why? Because managers have few tools with which to capture institutional experience, disseminate its lessons, and translate them into effective action. In an effort to solve this problem, a group of social scientists, business managers, and journalists at MIT have developed and tested a tool called the learning history. It is a written narrative of a company's recent critical event, nearly all of it presented in two columns. In one column, relevant episodes are described by the people who took part in them, were affected by them, or observed them. In the other, learning historians--trained outsiders and knowledgeable insiders--identify recurrent themes in the narrative, pose questions, and raise "undiscussable" issues. The learning history forms the basis for group discussions, both for those involved in the event and for others who also might learn from it. The authors believe that this tool--based on the ancient practice of community storytelling--can build trust, raise important issues, transfer knowledge from one part of a company to another, and help build a body of generalizable knowledge about management.

Communication↗