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Biomedical subjects

A Kold

Publications and source records attributed to A Kold.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

Rise of plasma t-PA fibrinolytic activity in a group of maturity onset diabetic patients shifted from a first generation (tolbutamide) to a second generation sulphonylurea (gliclazide).

During treatment with tolbutamide 10 maturity onset diabetic patients had no detectable activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) determined on two occasions 3 months apart. All 10 patients responded on the change in treatment to gliclazide with an increase in activity of t-PA. However, after 12 months of treatment the t-PA activity in one of the 10 patients returned to the baseline level, whereas the remaining nine patients had a sustained increased t-PA activity compared to the period during treatment with tolbutamide. The concentration in plasma of t-PA antigen under basal conditions and after stimulation (venous occlusion) increased significantly during the period of treatment with gliclazide. The plasma concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor remained unchanged throughout the study. In contrast to these findings seven patients with marked activities of t-PA during treatment with tolbutamide retained unchanged levels of the variables reported above after a change in treatment to gliclazide. Serum glucose, HBA1c, apolipoproteins A and B, and triglycerides remained constant throughout the study, whereas serum cholesterol showed a decrease in both groups of patients after 3 months (P less than 0.05) as well as after 12 months (P less than 0.05) of treatment with gliclazide. There was no significant relationship between serum cholesterol concentrations and plasma concentrations of t-PA antigen indicating that the increase in t-PA antigen was independent of the metabolic state of the patients.

Aged

Effects of an oral antidiabetic drug on the fibrinolytic system of blood in insulin-treated diabetic patients.

Selected variables of the fibrinolytic system were assessed in 23 men with insulin-treated diabetes with no measurable pancreatic beta-cell function. Gliclazide, a second-generation sulphonylurea drug, was administered to the patients over a period of 6 months in daily doses of 160 mg or 240 mg, and blood samples were obtained before, during, and after treatment. Determined by global assays, the drug did not significantly change plasminogen activator activities in euglobulins. Measurements of specific components of the system of fibrinolysis showed a marginal increase during administration of gliclazide of tissue-type plasminogen-activator antigen and prekallikrein activity in plasma, whereas the activities in euglobulins of the intrinsic plasminogen proactivators remained nearly the same during the study. Levels in plasma and euglobulin of C1-inactivator antigen and in plasma of factor XII antigen and t-PA inhibition capacity remained constant throughout the study. There were no changes of the increase in concentration of t-PA activity and t-PA antigen following venous occlusion. The metabolic state remained the same during the whole study. It is concluded that gliclazide induces small, but significant, non-insulin-dependent extrametabolic effects on the extrinsic (t-PA) and intrinsic (prekallikrein) system of fibrinolysis. Whether these changes are of physiological importance remains to be demonstrated.

Administration, Oral

Hyponatremia: cerebral symptoms and role in central pontine myelinolysis.

Central nervous system symptoms due to hyponatremia is highly dependent on its acuteness and cause. Severe acute hyponatremia (serum sodium less than 125 mEq/l) often causes confusion, lethargy, seizures or frank coma due to brain oedema. If therapy is delayed, hyponatremia carries a high mortality rate, and risk of irreversible brain damage. Hyponatremia should probably be corrected to 125-130 mEq/l at a rate of 1.5-2.0 mEq/l/h. Malnourished alcoholic patients with hyponatremia may represent a special case with possible dangers of central pontine myelinolysis if a very low serum sodium is corrected acutely to normonatremic or hypernatremic levels. Mortality in this subgroup is high whatever the therapy.

Brain Diseases

Central pontine myelinolysis. A case report with typical neuropathological findings.

A case of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) in an alcoholic patient with severe electrolyte changes is presented. Data in the literature suggest that it is safe to correct severe symptomatic hyponatremia to a value of 125-130 mEq/1 in 24 h. At the present time acute severe hyponatremia carries a bad prognosis if not treated with hypertonic NaCl solution. Electrolyte abnormalities are not the sole cause of CPM.

Autopsy