Biomedical subjects

A Kolokotronis

Publications and source records attributed to A Kolokotronis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Herpes simplex virus infection, with particular reference to the progression and complications of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHGS) represents the clinically apparent pattern of primary herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, since the vast majority of other primary infections are symptomless. PHGS is caused predominantly by HSV-1 and affects mainly children. Prodromal symptoms, such as fever, anorexia, irritability, malaise and headache, may occur in advance of disease. The disease presents as numerous pin-head vesicles, which rupture rapidly to form painful irregular ulcerations covered by yellow-grey membranes. Sub-mandibular lymphadenitis, halitosis and refusal to drink are usual concomitant findings. Following resolution of the lesions, the virus travels through the nerve endings to the nerve cells serving the affected area, whereupon it enters a latent state. When the host becomes stressed, the virus replicates and migrates in skin, mucosae and, in rare instances, the central nervous system. A range of morbidities, or even mortality, may then occur, i.e., recurrent HSV infections, which are directly or indirectly associated with PHGS. These pathological entities range from the innocuous herpes labialis to life-threatening meningoencephalitis.

Disease Progression↗

PubMed2001

Antibacterial properties of dentin bonding systems, polyacid-modified composite resins and composite resins.

This study examined the antibacterial activities of the bonding systems Syntac, EBS and Scotchbond 1, the polyacid-modified composite resins Hytac and Compoglass, and the composite resins Tetric, Z100 and Scalp-it. They were evaluated using the cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus salivarius, Streptococcus sorbinus and Actinomyces viscosus in vitro with a modified cylinder drop plate agar diffusion assay. All adhesives of the dentin bonding systems and the polyacid-modified composite resins exhibited various degrees of antibacterial activity against all of the test bacteria. On the contrary, composite resins did not affect bacterial growth. The data suggest that the use of these adhesives and polyacid-modified composite resins may reduce the consequences of microleakage owing to their antibacterial properties.

Actinomyces viscosus↗

PubMed2001

Oral manifestations of infections of infections due to varicella zoster virus in otherwise healthy children.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (or chickenpox) and establishes latency in nerve ganglia after the primary infection. The reactivation of virus later in life can cause mono- or polyneuropathy. The cranial nerves most commonly involved are five (herpes zoster or shingles), six, seven eight, nine and ten. In the present study we describe the oral lesions associated with VZV infections in normal children. In a 3 year period we examined 62 children, age 2 to 13 years old with diagnosed varicella and a 4 year old boy with herpes zoster at the 3rd branch of the trigeminal nerve. According to the clinical picture of varicella, the disease was defined as: (1) group A mild cases; (2) group B moderate cases; (3) group C severe. The manifestations of varicella were: mild varicella 19 children, moderate 26 children and severe 17 children. The results of the present study indicate that the prevalence of oral manifestations of varicella is related to the severity of the disease. In 17 severe cases, oral lesions were always present and the number was between 5 to 30. From 26 moderate cases, oral lesions were observed in 23 and the number was between 2 to 10. From 19 mild cases, oral lesions were present only in 6 cases and their number was 1 or 2. Often varicella's oral lesions resemble manifestations of other entities, and this may cause differential diagnostics problems.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Concentration of 3 tetracyclines in plasma, gingival crevice fluid and saliva.

BACKGROUND: Systemically-administered tetracyclines have been used widely for treatment of periodontal diseases with little understanding of their delivery characteristics to periodontal tissues. This study was designed to measure concentrations of 3 tetracyclines in gingival crevice fluid (GCF), plasma and saliva of following systemic administration. METHOD: The concentration of tetracycline (TC), minocycline (MN) and doxycycline (DX) was measured in gingival crevice fluid (GCF), plasma and saliva of 20 subjects following single sequential standard oral systemic doses. Gingival crevice fluid concentration was measured at 4 sites (2 shallow and 2 deep) before administration, and at 1 h and 2 h following administration. Plasma and saliva concentrations were measured from in samples at the same time points. No antibacterial activity was detected before administration. The highest concentrations were measured 2 h after administration. RESULTS: The average concentrations at 2 h were highest in plasma (TC = 1.02, MN=2.18, DX=2.35 microg/ml). Intermediate concentrations were measured in GCF (TC=0.61, MN= 1.49, DX= 1.65 microg/ml). Saliva concentrations (TC=0.09 MN=0.31, DX=0.47 microg/ml) were the lowest of the 3 fluids monitored. Data are presented indicating that the average GCF concentration of systemically administered tetracyclines is less than the that of plasma concentration. The concentration of tetracyclines in GCF was strongly associated with plasma concentration, indicating a primary role of drug absorption in the delivery of these systemically administered antibiotics to the site of action in periodontal therapy. The average GCF concentration in individuals varied widely (between 0 and 8 microg/ml) with approximately 50% of samples not achieving levels of 1 microg/ml. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that poor absorption of orally-administered tetracyclines in many individuals may account for much of the variability in clinical response to antibiotics observed in practice.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2000

Facial and perioral molluscum contagiosum as a manifestation of HIV infection.

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a self-limiting viral disease of the skin and the mucous membranes. Facial and perioral MC is seen with increasing frequency in human immunodeficiency (HIV) infection, particularly in HIV infected homosexual men. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical observations of facial and perioral MC in HIV infected patients. One hundred and eighty HIV-positive individuals (160 males and 20 females) were examined over a period of five years. Fifty-eight were homosexual men and 19 were bisexual men. Fifty-one of 180 patients at the time of the first examination had CD+4 count < 200 cells/mm3 and another 63 presented loss of CD+4 cells in this level, during this period. Three HIV infected patients (two homosexual and one bisexual) were affected with facial and perioral MC. At the time of MC diagnosis the CD+4 count was less than 200 cells/mm3 for all three patients. One patient died nine months after MC diagnosis and the other two are still alive. It is remarkable that in this study no clinical lesions were observed on other sites of the skin.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1999

Beta-lactamases producing anaerobic bacteria in dentoalveolar abscesses.

Pus samples of 30 patients with closed dentoalveolar abscesses who had not received antimicrobial therapy for at last two months were screened for the presence of beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic bacteria. From these 30 pus samples, a total of 112 bacterial strains were isolated; 83 of them were strict anaerobes and 29 were aerobes. beta-lactamases activity of the selected anaerobic bacteria was tested after identification of the isolates and was detected in 5 of the total 83 (6%) strict anaerobic isolates, whereas these 5 strains were isolated in 4 of the 30 (13.3%) pus samples. The species with beta-lactamase activity were in the Prevotella intermedia (4 from 14 isolates) and the Fusobacterium nucleatum (1 from 9 isolates) groups. None of the gram-positive and the other gram-negative anaerobic strains were beta-lactamase positive.

Abscess↗

PubMed1999

[Lithiasis of a minor salivary gland. Apropos a case].

Sialolithiasis of minor salivary glands is generally considered to be extremely rare, particularly in younger persons. In addition, the symptomatology of this entity is not always typical and, for this reason, clinical misdiagnosis is possible. A case of sialolithiasis of minor salivary glands of the cheek in a 20 year-old woman is reported. The clinical diagnosis is verified by the histopathological examination after surgical excision of the lesion.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Granulomatous cheilitis: a study of six cases.

OBJECTIVE: Granulomatous cheilitis (GC) is a very rare disorder of unknown etiology. Clinically, GC is characterised by recurrent swelling of the labial tissues, which may be followed by a permanent enlargement. Histologically, the typical form of GC is characterised by the formation of scattered aggregates of non-caseating granulomas. GC is the most frequent sign of orofacial granulomatosis, a disorder under which also encompasses sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, atypical tuberculosis, Anderson-Fabry disease, possibly some allergic reactions, and Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS). Some consider GC as an oligosymptomatic or monosymptomatic form of MRS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this study we examined the clinical records of six patients presenting with GC which were examined and treated in the Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology of the Dental School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece) during a 16-year period. In five of six patients a persistent swelling of the lower lip was recorded, one of whom also developed swelling in the upper lip. In one case the swelling was present in both lips and in another the GC was the only clinical finding, while in the other five cases it was accompanied by at least one other feature of MRS. In five cases, the histological picture revealed non-caseating granulomas. RESULTS: The treatment with the intralesional infusion of corticosteroids in three cases and the oral administration of corticosteroids in two cases was successful. One of the patients refused to be treated. This patient also presented later with permanent swelling of the upper lip.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Oral tuberculosis.

A case with oral tuberculosis and unaware of systemic tuberculosis is reported. The oral lesions clinically manifested as two painless ulcerations in the hard palate. Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed following the histopathologic and bacteriologic examination of the oral lesions.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Susceptibility of Capnocytophaga to antimicrobial agents.

A total of 22 clinically isolated Capnocytophaga strains were tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents frequently used in dental practice. All strains were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline. Metronidazole had poor activity against most strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1994

Median rhomboid glossitis. An oral manifestation in patients infected with HIV.

A follow-up study included the oral examination of 39 persons known to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. In addition to the other human immunodeficiency virus-associated oral lesions, lesions clinically similar to the smooth form of median rhomboid glossitis, which is now believed to be erythematous candidiasis located in the dorsum of the tongue, were found in seven patients (18%). Patients with median rhomboid glossitis were classified in different stages of the Centers for Disease Control 1986 classification system and showed an average of CD+4 cell counts 397.5/mm3. Also the presence or the absence of anti-p24 antibodies in the serum and stimulated whole saliva of the patients with median rhomboid glossitis did not correlate with the stage of the disease or with low levels of CD+4 cell counts as in other forms of oral candidiasis. Therefore our results suggest that median rhomboid glossitis should be included as a distinct form of oral candidiasis in the classification of the oral manifestations of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1994

Immunologic status in patients infected with HIV with oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia.

Although numerous studies of oral manifestations associated with HIV have been reported, only a few refer to the correlation of these lesions with laboratory parameters. In this study we investigated the relationships between the two most common HIV-associated oral lesions, oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia, with the stage of the disease, circulating CD4+ cell counts, and the presence of anti-p24 antibodies in serum and stimulated whole saliva in 43 known HIV-1-infected persons. Although oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia were exclusively observed in subjects who were classified as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention group IV, only the prevalence of oral candidiasis is strongly associated with circulating CD4+ counts less than 200/mm3 (p < 0.02). The prevalence of oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia was significantly related to the absence of anti-p24 antibodies in serum (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), but was only statistically significant for hairy leukoplakia in stimulated whole saliva (p < 0.02). The results suggest that oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia in correlation with immunologic status as indicated by low circulating CD4+ cell counts and the absence of anti-p24 antibodies in serum and the loss of secretory anti-p24 antibodies in subjects with hairy leukoplakia, may constitute prognostic markers for the progression of HIV-infection to AIDS. Our results also indicate that the absence of anti-p24 antibodies is not only influenced by the low levels of circulating CD4+ cells but probably by the presence of oral candidiasis or hairy leukoplakia as well.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1992

Oriental sore: a case report.

We report a typical case of an oriental sore (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in a 28-year-old patient. The lesion was located on the upper lip, causing macrocheilia and an esthetic problem to the patient, who required urgent treatment. N-Methylglucamine antimonate proved to be an effective, well-tolerated drug.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Susceptibility of Eikenella corrodens to antimicrobial agents.

Twelve Eikenella corrodens strains were isolated from dental infections and tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents by an agar dilution method. All strains were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin and tetracycline, and resistant to cephalexin and metronidazole and moderately resistant to erythromycin, gentamicin and cefaclor.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1987