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Biomedical subjects

A Kondo

Publications and source records attributed to A Kondo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Accumulation of advanced glycation end products of the Maillard reaction with age in human hippocampal neurons.

The recent immunological demonstration of advanced glycation end products (AGE) of the Maillard reaction in several human tissues suggests a possible involvement of AGE in the aging process. We previously prepared a monoclonal anti-AGE antibody (6D12) which recognized N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine. We examined, immunohistochemically, the effect of aging on AGE-immunoreactivity in hippocampal pyramidal neurons in ten brain tissue samples obtained at autopsy from subjects aged 20-85 years old. Using 6D12 antibody, our results demonstrated a positive correlation between AGE-immunoreactivity in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and age. A more intense immunoreaction was observed in the CA3-4 pyramidal neurons compared with that of the CA1 neurons, known to be vulnerable to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Our results suggest that AGE are probably involved in the aging process affecting the human central nervous system, and that AGE do not mainly contribute to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, at least in the CA1 neurons.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of long-term partial outflow obstruction on bladder function in the rat.

The effects of chronic partial outflow obstruction in rats were investigated. The urethra of male rats was partially obstructed for 3 or 6 months and bladder function was compared with that of age-matched controls. Bladder function was studied in vivo by infusion cystometry and in vitro by measuring the response of bladder muscle strips to stimulation. Cystometrograms of outflow-obstructed bladders were categorized into three types: type 1 was equivalent to a normal bladder; type 2 was characterized by large capacity, enhanced voiding pressure, and some residual urine; type 3 had the largest capacity, an impaired voiding pressure, and considerable residual volume (overflow-type of incontinence). The type 3 bladder was the most frequently observed type in rats obstructed for 6 months. Bladder weight increased significantly in rats with outflow obstruction. When five in vivo cystometric parameters (pressure at which micturition was induced, capacity, maximum voiding pressure, voided urine volume, and residual urine volume) were analyzed according to duration of obstruction, only two parameters (capacity and residual urine volume) in rats obstructed for 6 months differed significantly from those in age-matched controls. Evaluation of these values according to cystometric type showed a significant deterioration in four of five parameters in type 3 bladders. Contractile responses of the bladder in vitro to field stimulation, bethanechol, ATP, and KCI were significantly impaired in those obstructed for 3 or 6 months. When in vitro responses were analyzed according to the classification of cystometric type, deterioration of contractility was confirmed in both types 2 and 3 bladders. The present animal model of outflow obstruction can serve as a model of benign prostatic hyperplasia in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Functional restoration of rat bladder after subtotal cystectomy: in vivo cystometry and in vitro study of whole bladder.

Functional restoration of the rat urinary bladder following subtotal cystectomy was studied via in vivo infusion cystometry and an in vitro whole bladder model. After the bladder had been separated from the prostate, subtotal cystectomy was achieved by ligating the bladder completely at a level just above the insertion of the ureters into the bladder. Bladder function was investigated immediately and 7, 14, and 28 days after surgery. Bladder weight was reduced to 17% that in sham-operated controls immediately after surgery, but recovered to 76% of that in controls 28 days after the operation. In vivo capacity also increased after surgery from 13% that of controls to 59% 28 days later. However, voiding pressure remained low (34% of control) 28 days later. An in vitro whole bladder study showed that the response to field stimulation decreased significantly on day 7, but had recovered considerably by day 28. The maximal response to bethanechol decreased significantly 7 days after surgery, but recovered thereafter. The response to phenylephrine increased significantly immediately after surgery, but gradually returned to the control level. An in vitro volume-pressure study showed that passive compliance of the cystectomized bladder decreased after surgery, but improved with time. The peak of the active pressure increase to field stimulation occurred at a low infusion volume immediately after surgery, but bladder capacity increased gradually until 28 days later, when the maximal active pressure was obtained. Our results suggest that restoration of the bladder following subtotal cystectomy may not derive simply from an expansion of the bladder wall. Functional alteration involving the bladder base was also observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Hypotonic intraperitoneal cisplatin chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis in mice.

The intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most effective therapies for cancers that are confined to the abdominal cavity. However, the effect of fluid osmolarity on the therapeutic efficacy of i.p. administration of CDDP has not been well established. In the current study, hypotonic (154 mosmol 1-1), isotonic (308 mosmol 1-1) and hypertonic (616 mosmol 1-1) solutions of CDDP were prepared for an evaluation of their therapeutic efficacy in an experimental system. After i.p. administration, uptake of CDDP in vivo by tumor cells in hypotonic solution was significantly greater than in isotonic or hypertonic solution. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) value of CDDP in hypotonic solution (12.1 mg kg(-1)) was lower than that in isotonic solution (16.9 mg kg(-1)) and than that in hypertonic solution (28.6 mg kg(-1)). However, when a dose equal to one-half of the LD50 was administered in each solution to mice with i.p. tumours, survival of mice given the CDDP in hypotonic solution was significantly prolonged as compared with the survival of the other mice. These results demonstrate that the therapeutic efficacy of i.p. CDDP in mice is augmented when the drug is administered in hypotonic solution.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The ICS-'BPH' Study: the psychometric validity and reliability of the ICSmale questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity and reliability of the ICSmale questionnaire developed for the International Continence Society-'Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia' (ICS-'BPH') study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Urology departments in 12 countries recruited 1271 consecutive men > 45 years old, with lower urinary tract symptoms and possible benign prostatic obstruction, to the ICS-'BPH' study (the clinical group); 423 ambulent men were recruited from a general practice in the UK to provide a community group. Each individual was asked to complete the wide-ranging ICSmale questionnaire, comprising questions concerned with urinary symptoms, the bother they cause, and issues of quality of life and sexual function. Content, construct and criterion validity of the symptom and problem questions were assessed by interviews with patients and urologists, testing hypotheses within sub-studies, and in relation to frequency-volume diaries and uroflowmetry. Reliability was assessed by measures of internal consistency and a test-retest analysis. RESULTS: The ICSmale questionnaire was easy to complete. It was clearly able to differentiate between men in clinical and community populations, and detected the expected positive age gradient for most symptoms in the community group. There was reasonable agreement between relevant parts of the questionnaire and frequency-volume charts when a relatively flexible approach was taken, but there was a very poor relationship between questions assessing strength of stream and the results of uroflowmetry. Internal consistency was high, and overall the questionnaire demonstrated good test-retest reliability. CONCLUSION: The self-completed ICSmale questionnaire had high levels of psychometric validity and reliability.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Radiation-induced urothelial carcinoma.

Four cases of urothelial carcinoma following pelvic irradiation for carcinomas of the cervix uteri (n = 3) and the ovary (n = 1) are reported. The urothelial carcinomas developed 26.8 (mean) years after radiotherapy and invaded the bladder in 3 patients and the ureter in 1. Despite radical surgery, the patients died of metastatic cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Cardiac impairment of elderly patients with diabetes mellitus as studied with non-invasive myocardial scintigraphy and signal-averaged electrocardiography].

In patients more than 65-year-old with diabetes mellitus, positive late potentials on signal-averaged electrocardiograms were more common than in normal subjects (p < 0.05). This suggests that aged patients with diabetes mellitus are at risk for micromyocardial impairment. Myocardial scintigraphy with 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine showed abnormally low uptake, in parallel with the data on SA-ECG. Thus, both methods may be clinically useful ways to noninvasively reveal micromyocardial impairment in aged patients with diabetes mellitus. Moreover, trimetazidine hydrochloride may be effective as therapy for micromyocardial impairment: the uptake of 123I-metaiodobenzyl guanidine had increased in some patients when measured 1 year after administration of trimetazidine hydrochloride (18 mg/day) and the late potential changed from positive to negative.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1996

Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm as false localizing signs in patients with a contralateral mass of the posterior cranial fossa. Report of three cases.

Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm were false localizing signs in three patients with contralateral space-occupying mass lesions in the posterior cranial fossa. According to radiological observations, the brainstem was remarkably displaced and distorted toward the side contralateral to the mass in all three cases. In the two cases with trigeminal neuralgia, the fifth cranial nerve was embedded in a thick arachnoid membrane and strongly compressed and angulated between the brainstem and the petrous bone, but there was no apparent vascular involvement. In the case with hemifacial spasm, only the contralateral tumor was removed. Postoperatively, all three patients experienced complete cessation of the symptoms without recurrence. Based on the operative findings, the authors postulate that angulation and distortion of the axis of the cranial nerve due to the contralateral mass, accompanied by thickening of the arachnoid membrane around the nerve, play an important role in false localizing signs, particularly in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Solitary metastatic breast carcinoma in a trigeminal nerve mimicking a trigeminal neurinoma. Case report.

An unusual case of a metastatic adenocarcinoma located entirely within the trigeminal nerve is reported. The patient, with a history of breast cancer, presented with a pure trigeminal mononeuropathy. The neurological and neuroradiological findings in this patient were quite similar to those of a patient with trigeminal neurinoma. Surgery revealed that the tumor was located within the trigeminal nerve and its appearance was similar to that of a neurinoma. However, histopathological studies proved the tumor to be an adenocarcinoma that was related to the breast cancer treated earlier. A solitary metastatic tumor arising solely in a trigeminal nerve is quite rare; this is the first report of such a case metastasized from breast cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogue on the function of the isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum.

An adverse effect of the administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogue is impotence. The effects of LH-RH analogue injection on the function of the rabbit corpus cavernosum were investigated. Eighteen male rabbits were divided into three groups, i.e., LH-RH analogue injection, castration, and sham-operated control groups. After measurement of serum testosterone, the LH-RH analogue (1.5 mg/kg leuprolide acetate) was injected once in the LH-RH group, castration in the castrated group, and sham surgery in the control group. Four weeks later, the rabbits were maintained in the same circumstance and serum testosterone was measured once a week. Four weeks after preparation, all rabbits were used for in vitro experiments. At one week the serum testosterone level of the LH-RH and castrated groups decreased significantly from that in the sham-operated control group, which was sustained for the next 3 weeks. Although contractile strength of the corporal tissue taken from the castrated group was weakened in response to phenylephrine and KCl, corporal contractile strength of the LH-RH group was not. Under precontraction with 200 microM phenylephrine relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in response to field stimulation and sodium nitroprusside significantly decreased in both the LH-RH and castrated groups. However, there were no differences in the maximal relaxations induced by ATP and bethanechol between the three groups. In conclusion, the LH-RH analogue impaired the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum induced by field stimulation and sodium nitroprusside as much as castration did. Although the corporal contraction to phenylephrine and KCl was decreased by castration, it was not altered by the LH-RH analogue.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Endoscopic trigonoplasty in pediatric patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux: preliminary report.

PURPOSE: We investigated the preliminary surgical results of endoscopic trigonoplasty in pediatric patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed endoscopic trigonoplasty in 6 pediatric patients (11 refluxing ureters). Reflux was grade II in 4 reno-ureteral units, grade III in 5, grade IV in 1 and grade V in 1 (international classification). Surgery was done using laparoscopic and endoscopic instruments. RESULTS: Vesicoureteral reflux disappeared 3 to 12 months postoperatively. Analgesics were administered postoperatively to 4 patients for 24 hours and to 2 for 48 hours. No bladder irritability or postoperative upper urinary tract dilatation was observed in the early postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive endoscopic trigonoplasty can be an effective surgical procedure for pediatric patients with vesicoureteral reflux.

Child↗
PubMed1996

[Death due to pulmonary tuberculosis--a comparison between 1984-88 and 1989-93].

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains the single leading cause of death from any single infectious agent in the world. We reviewed the case records and chest radiographs of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who died between 1984 and 1993. Of 2333 patients discharged from National Nishi-Niigata Hospital, 86 (3.7%) died during that period. Comparison between the data for 1984-88 and for 1989-93 showed an increase in the number of elderly patients, TB-related deaths, and complication of TB by malignancy. Thirty-nine of the 86 patients died within 2 months of admission: a spread of TB over a wide region and low performance scores were noted in these patients. Multiple-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was often the cause of death. These results encourage us to pursue early detection in elderly people, to improve management during initial treatment such as with steroids, and to develop new and more effective drugs to treat TB.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Effects of Ischemia on the function of the isolated rat detrusor muscle.

Ischemia of vital organs causes various degrees of impairment. We studied the in vitro effects of ischemia on the function of the rat bladder. Ischemia was induced by ligation of the bilateral (bilateral ischemia) or right (unilateral ischemia) internal iliac arteries. Bladder weight increased significantly following 1 week of bilateral and unilateral ischemia. Passive tension was significantly higher in ischemic bladders than in control bladders at an increase in length between 6 and 12 mm. In both control and ischemic bladders, active tension was highest at a 16-mm increase in length. Bladders subjected to unilateral or bilateral ischemia for 1 or 2 weeks demonstrated impaired contractile responses to field stimulation, bethanechol, ATP and KCl. There were no differences in contractile strength between muscle specimens obtained from the ipsilateral or contralateral sides of unilateral ischemic bladders. Our findings showed that unilateral and bilateral ischemia inhibited the in vitro contractile strength of the detrusor muscle in response to intramural and pharmacologic stimulation.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1996

Effects of in vivo Ischemia on the infusion cystometry and in vitro whole bladder contractility of the rat.

Ischemia induced by atherosclerosis is a common cause of organ failure in the elderly. We investigated the effects of in vivo ischemia created by ligation of the internal iliac arteries on the parameters of in vivo infusion cystometry under urethane anesthesia and on in vitro whole bladder contractility of the rat. Bladder weight significantly increased after ischemia for 14 days. Infusion cystometry demonstrated that in the ischemic bladders the capacity increased, the voiding pressure decreased, and the volume of residual urine increased, which resulted in deteriorated voiding efficacy. The in vitro whole bladder contractility to field stimulation, bethanechol, ATP, and KCl was reduced by ischemia. The passive pressure increased as the bladder volume enlarged and the bladder compliance once decreased by ischemia on the 7th day, but increased on the 14th day. In an active volume-pressure relationship study the peak response was decreased by ischemia. The volume at which response reached a peak value shifted to a larger volume 14 days after surgery. In conclusion, ischemia impaired in vivo rat detrusor power to empty. Since detrusor contractility in vitro decreased in response to various kinds of stimulation, this deteriorated bladder function was supposed to be caused by muscle degeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[II. multidisciplinary analysis of chronic excretors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli].

For the most patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, treatment are successful and the chemotherapy can be finished within a year. Few patients, though receiving standard anti-tuberculous chemotherapy, expectorate tubercle bacilli continuously for more than a year. They are named "chronic excretors of mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli" or "intractable tuberculosis patients". Being suspected that this phenomenon is produced by many factors, it is necessary to correspond suitably to these patients for eradication of tuberculosis. This symposium was organized to search for some factors on the bacterium and on the host, which caused patients to be the chronic excretors or intractable patients. We hope that our discussion may contribute to take the appropriate measures for such hard diseases. The main results are summarized as follows. 1) Dr. TSUCHIYA conducted a epidemiologic study by questionaire method to 33 Japanese national sanatoriums. The total number of tuberculosis patients admitted to these hospitals on a optimal day from September to October 1994 were 1,295. Numbers of patients who had expectorated bacilli continuously for more than 12 months were 85 (6.6%). The male/female ratio was about 3, their average age was 64. They had a tendency of thin-physique and most of them had past histories of tuberculosis, being the refractory cases. The average clinico-epidemiologic conditions of the patients came before our eyes. 2) Dr. OGATA analysed the results of drug sensitivity tests of mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli from 2,630 pulmonary tuberculosis patients which contained 179 chronic excretors. The only 2.2% of bacilli from the chronic excretors were sensitive to RFP (50 gamma). The 99.4% of bacilli showed to be resistant to INH (0.1 gamma). The 39.1% of bacilli were sensitive to streptomycin (20 gamma). To EB (2.5 gamma) 34.1% of bacilli were sensitive. However, the ratio of chronic excretors in tuberculosis patients was not increased in these 17 years, and for many cases of these chronic excretors, they are all inexperienced in PZA, multi-sensitive-drug chemotherapy including PZA and OFLX were useful. Some of them underwent lobectomy combined for effective chemotherapy. The chronic excretors are likely to be affected multidrug-resistant bacilli, and it is important for such cases to treat intensively with several kinds of sensitive drugs. 3) Dr. FUJIWARA studied Interleukin-10 (IL-10) producing function of monocytes stimulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M-TB). The IL-10 usually down-regulates a number of different macrophage functions, including microbicidal activity against intracellular bacteria such as Mycobacterium species. They found that the mean IL-10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from a healthy tuberculin-reactor stimulated with multidrug-resistant M-TB was greater than that with drug-sensitive M-TB. The IL-10 producing cells were monocytes, not T-lymphocytes. They moreover found that PBMC from intractable tuberculosis patients secreted greater amounts of IL-10 than those of healthy subjects. These data may give a hint for development of new immunotherapeutic methods for multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis patients. 4) Dr. HARA analysed clinical courses of 580 consecutive cases of bacilli positive pulmonary tuberculosis admitted in his hospital from a point of underlying diseases. All of dead 24 cases had some underlying diseases; diabetes mellitus 3, chronic liver diseases 4, others 17 (malignant neoplasms, central nerve vascular diseases, malnutritional condition, etc). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Epidemiologic study of the actual investigation of chronic excretors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli].

Of 1,295 patients with tuberculosis who were admitted in 33 Japanese national sanatoriums from September to October, 1994, actual investigation of patients with persistent expectorate tubercle bacilli continuously for more than 12 months was carried out by questionnaire. From the result, numbers of patients who had persistently expectorated bacteria were 85 (6.6% of inpatient). The rate of male and female was 3:1, and mean age was 63.5 years old. Many slim type patients (less than 90% of the standard body weight) were observed at the rate of 55.8%. The rate of the inpatient whose admission period was for more than 10 years were found in 22%. The past history of the tuberculosis and surgical therapy were existent at the rate of 83.3% and 18.8% respectively. The chief complications such as diabetes mellitus (12.4%), pyothorax (10.1%), alcoholism (10.1%) and hepatic dysfunction (6.7%) were observed at the respective rate. As chest X-ray findings on admission, severe cases with cavity of I or II 3 by the classification of the Japanese society for tuberculosis were found in 32.2%, and many cases with much amount persistently excreted bacteria such as more than number 7 of Gaffky scale (24.7%) or 3+ by culture (55.8%) were detected by sputum-test on admission. From the result drug-resistance, resistance of the main drugs early found from initial medication, and high degree resistance of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH; 80%), rifampicin (RFP; 94.4%), ethambutol (EB; 85.6%) and streptomycin (SM; 76.4%) was found. As intractable causes which were indicated by doctor in charge, drug-resistance, drug allergy, disorder of life, unfavorable medication-compliance and unsuitable treatment were considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of ethanol on in vivo cystometry and in vitro whole bladder contractility in the rat.

PURPOSE: It is known that acute ethanol intoxication can produce urinary retention in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. We evaluated the effects of ethanol on rat bladder function in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Infusion cystometry was performed under urethane anesthesia with or without intravenous injection of ethanol. Voided volume, maximum voiding pressure, residual urine, bladder capacity, the pressure at which micturition was induced and voiding efficacy were compared. Subsequently, the in vitro whole bladder pressure generated by field stimulation, bethanechol, adenosine triphosphate and KCl in the presence of ethanol 0 to 5.0% was investigated. RESULTS: Intravenous administration of ethanol changed the in vivo cystometrogram. Bladder capacity and residual urine volume were significantly increased, and voiding pressure was decreased. Contractility of the isolated whole bladder to various kinds of stimulation in vitro was suppressed by ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. Washing the bladder and incubating it in normal Krebs' solution following exposure to 5% ethanol restored detrusor contractility. CONCLUSION: Ethanol significantly impairs detrusor contractility in the rat in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗