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Biomedical subjects

A Koshiro

Publications and source records attributed to A Koshiro.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

In vitro evaluation of combined usage of fosfomycin and 5-fluorouracil for selective isolation of Leptospira species.

The combined usage of fosfomycin (FOM) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as selective agents for the isolation of leptospires from contaminated materials was investigated. Additive or synergistic antibacterial activity was apparent with the combination compared with each agent used separately. Of 54 bacterial strains tested, 52 were inhibited, while all 5 Leptospira strains tested were unaffected by the combined addition of FOM (400 micrograms/ml) and 5-FU (100 micrograms/ml) to Korthof medium. Furthermore, this combination successfully supported the selective growth of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni in experimentally contaminated specimens. This FOM-5-FU combination is surmised to be useful for the selective isolation of leptospires from contaminated clinical, pathological, or environmental materials.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1984

Bactericidal activity of ethanol against glucose nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli.

The bactericidal effect of ethanol on glucose nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli (nonfermentative bacilli) and other species of micro-organisms was studied with emphasis on the former. At 20 degrees C, 10 to 20% v/v ethanol took 1 h or more to kill thirteen strains of nonfermentative bacilli while 40 to 99.5% concentrations produced a bactericidal effect within 1 min of exposure. Eleven strains of glucose fermentative organisms showed a similar tendency to that noted with nonfermentative bacilli, except that S. aureus was a little resistant to 99.5% ethanol. Using several strains of nonfermentative bacilli, the effects of temperature and equine serum on the bactericidal action of ethanol were determined. The bactericidal action of ethanol increased with rising of temperature (10-30 degrees C), and it was sufficient even at 10 degrees C provided that the concentration of ethanol was over 50%. The equine serum produced little effect on the bactericidal action of ethanol.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1983

In vitro susceptibilities of five Leptospira strains to 16 antimicrobial agents.

The in vitro activities of 16 antibiotics against five serovar strains of the genus Leptospira were determined. Five of the antibiotics (ampicillin, cefmetazole, moxalactam, ceftizoxime, and cefotaxime) exhibited a lower minimal inhibitory concentration than did penicillin G. In tests for minimal bactericidal concentration, ceftizoxime and cefotaxime were found to be more effective than penicillin G, streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and cefmetazole.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Interaction of penicillins with the components of plasma expanders.

The interaction of penicillin with high molecular components of plasma expander such as dextran, 6-hydroxyethylstarch, and polygeline were studied. The formation of penicilloyl polysaccharides and smaller amounts of penicilloyl polygeline during incubation were confirmed by ultrafiltration and gelfiltration. The ultrafiltration through Collodion-Bags SM 13 200 was found to be a rapid and convenient method for the determination of macromolecular penicilloates. The accelerated degradation by the formation of penicilloyl esters with glucose and lactic acid was also suggested.

Drug Interactions↗
PubMed1981

Prediction of the stability of meclofenoxate injection in parenteral admixtures.

A new method for predicting pharmaceutical stability in parenteral admixtures was studied using meclofenoxate hydrochloride injection as a model preparation. The pH and temperature of clinical parenteral admixtures are not constant, unlike experimental buffer solutions, and it is impossible to predict the accurate degradation ratio by the preceding method described by many authors. This study provides a solution to this problem making possible the accurate prediction of degradation ratios of pharmaceuticals even in such complicated systems.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1981

Negative inotropic effects and the hydrophobicity of beta-adrenergic blocking agents.

The negative inotropic actions of 12 beta-adrenergic blocking agents, all of which are aryloxyisopropylaminopropanols were studied in isolated left atria from reserpinized guinea-pig hearts. At concentrations between 10 and 1000 microM, all these drugs, with the exception of atenolol, reduced the contractile force by more than 40%. The following order of potency, as measured as ED40, was thus derived:propranolol, alprenolol, D-25, Ko 707, pindolol, oxprenolol, Kö 592, befunolol, metoprolol, Kö 1313, acebutolol and atenolol. On the other hand, the order of the octanol/water partition coefficient (P) was as follows: propranolol, alprenolol, D-25, Kö 707, Kö 592, oxprenolol, befunolol, acebutolol, metoprolol, pindolol, Kö 1313 and atenolol. A significant correlation was found between log l/ED40 and log P. The results indicate that hydrophobicity is a major determinant for the negative inotropic effects of these beta-adrenergic agents.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer simulation of optimum personnel assignment in hospital pharmacy using a work-sampling method.

A computer simulation of the dispensing work performed in a hospital pharmacy was undertaken, based on analysis data from a work-sampling method and utilizing a personal computer. As a result it was found to be possible to estimate the complete work volume of a day based on the number of prescriptions in the day, and hence to predict fairly precisely the number of pharmacists required to complete that work. The method also enables the users to assign the optimum number of staff for dispensing duties according to the estimated number of prescriptions and the optimum waiting time of patients. A correlation has been noted between the total residence time of prescriptions and the mean waiting time of patients. Using this simple and effective technique to efficiently assign personnel makes it possible to cope with an increasing workload and limited number of staff.

Computer Simulation↗