Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Kramer.
On the model of the septic mouse infected with mice pathogenic Erysipelothrix strain NaSCN had a protective effect (lower and delayed lethality in the doses of 64 and 256 mg/kg, given once a day intraperitoneally prophylactically or simultaneously to the infection.
The corrosion of four dental alloys and titanium was studied in relationship to saliva pH and plaque accumulation in vivo. Test specimens were scanned for porosities with an image analysis system before and after exposure to the oral milieu. The saliva pH was monitored during the study period. After four days of exposure in the mouth the plaque accumulation and the vitality of the plaque on the alloy surfaces was evaluated. Plaque accumulation and mean saliva-pH were not correlated with the observed surface corrosion. The least surface effects were observed on titanium, which showed the highest plaque accumulation. Different alloys showed different bacteriostatic effects. The least amount of living bacteria was found on titanium. Plaque accumulation and bacteria vitality depended on material and test person.
Fifty-six patients were treated in each arm of a study comparing CHIP and carboplatin for the therapy of previously untreated metastatic colorectal carcinoma. There were one partial response (2%) with CHIP and two partial responses (4%) with carboplatin. Side effects were significantly more severe with CHIP than with carboplatin. The most common side effect for both drugs was vomiting followed by hematologic side effects. Sixteen percent of the patients receiving CHIP and 9% of those receiving carboplatin had life-threatening side effects. Neither drug offers significant activity in metastatic colorectal carcinoma.
We report our experience in the surgical treatment of visceral arterial occlusive disease in 9 patients. The etiology was atherosclerosis in 7 cases and arteritis in 2. Four patients were admitted because of acute mesenteric ischemia, but only two had a previous history of intestinal angina. Four consulted because of chronic mesenteric angina and only 1 asymptomatic patient received prophylactic revascularization. The clinical picture of postprandial abdominal pain, weight loss, bowel habit disturbance, abdominal bruit or signs of occlusive disease elsewhere, should lead to clinical diagnosis. Angiographic evaluation is mandatory to plan the best surgical approach. In this series we revascularized 14 vessels in 9 patients using different technics. Two patients died (42 and 90 days) following revascularization and partial resection of the gut for extensive infarction. All survivors achieved symptom relief and or recovered or stabilized their weight.
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A plasmid screening test (alkaline lysis and agarose gel electrophoresis) was used to assess the effect of thiocyanate on the plasmid replication on two bacterial strains with plasmids of different size, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. At concentrations physiologic for mammals (5-50 mg SCN-/l) no effect on the replication of extrachromosomal DNA was noted. This reaffirms the concept that a physiologic anion may be responsible for biological regulatory processes but will not affect the synthesis of extrachromosomal DNA when applied in vitro in physiologic concentrations.
For the improvement of the registration of data by assessment of mutagenic risk the analysis of sperm-head abnormalities have been rendered as a suitable at indirect evidence of mutagenic potency. The reproduction of the results is well. The sensitivity of the test is high. The quantitative evaluation of genotoxic effects is possible. By reason of comparatively low methodical expense the screening investigations of species mouse are suitable, before more expensive tests will be accomplished for the elucidation of the mutation type. At 35 day-long intraperitoneal application the double number of sperm head abnormalities was approximately induced through Wofasteril (dose refer to main agent peracetic acid 2.6 mg/kg bw/d) and about 1/3 through cyclophosphamide (dose 25 mg/kg bw/d). With a 50% reduction of Wofasteril dose the mutagenic threshold-concentration was too low. The phenolic disinfectant Wofasept caused only slight no significant increase of the rate of sperm-head abnormalities (doses refer to the content of compounds, for Chlorocresol 1.6 mg/kg bw/d, for Clorofen 0.7 mg/kg bw/d and for detergent 4.8 mg/kg bw/d).
Increasing international cooperation in the areas of research, teaching, trade and healthcare has called for standardization of the terminology. In disinfection and antisepsis such efforts have been pursued for almost 20 years but without great success. This contribution to the definition of antisepsis and its clear separation from disinfection is supposed to promote international discussion. German terms for skin, mucosa and wound antisepsis are proposed which permit to restrict the term disinfection to the application of antimicrobial measures to inanimate objects and surfaces.
To date, there have been few studies to evaluate directly the relationship between binocular visual stress and reading performance. This study employed the cloze procedure to demonstrate the effects of nearpoint stress on performance and efficiency in reading comprehension. Using 19 third year optometry students as subjects, binocular stress was simulated by -2.00 D lenses. Performance, as determined by the time to complete the task, was significantly reduced (p less than .03), but no significant differences in accuracy scores were measured.
Daily application of 32 mg/kg sodium thiocynate from 1--11th respectively 12th--21st experimental day causes in epinephrectomised guinea pigs at the 26th experimental day an inhibition of cell-mediated immune response (sensitization was induced by intraperitoneal injection of horse serum at the 5th and 7th experimental day). The inhibition of cell-mediated immune response could be demonstrated by means of migration inhibition of spleen cells. Epinephrectomy was performed by operation procedures twice a week. Gluco- and mineralocorticoids were applied supplementary. -- Also other proved thiocyanates respectively compounds with thiocyanate groups such as potassium thiocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate and d,1-2-imino-3.4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-thiacolidinhydrothiocyanate showed the same effect. The results are only pointed out in intact animals, but distinct in epinephrectomised guinea pigs. Finally a significant weaker effect, but of the same kind was observed by potassium- and sodium iodate. Every used dose of prednisolone and cyclophosphamide suppress the migration inhibition. The influence of 2-iminothiacolidin-4-carbon acid and desoxycorticosteronacetat on the migration inhibition is different and depends on the antigen dose applied for sensitization. -- Simulated daily injections undertaken in form of stitches and application of aqua destillata are inefficacious.
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Comparative studies on the biodegradability of amides and imides are presented. Low-molecular-weight imides of varying chain lengths (4, 6, 7, 8, 18, and 20 carbons) were biodegrable. N-alkyl substitution of amides and imides resulted in non-biodegrable derivatives when the amide portion was greater than two carbons in length. N-alkyl-substituted derivatives of acetamide or diacetamide, however, were biodegrable. Several soil isolates, including Aspergillus niger and species of Flavobacterium and Alcaligenes, were capable of growth with imides as sole N or C sources.
The diagnosis of infected synthetic grafts is difficult using traditional radiographic techniques. In four cases, computed tomography demonstrated small pockets of gas in the clot around the grafts, a distinctive finding for an infected prosthesis. Further experience is required to determine whether this will prove to be a reliable diagnostic sign. The gas collections in infected grafts differ from normal gas in their multiplicity and occurrence more than 10 days after surgery.
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Preexisting increase of plasma renin activity in hypertension seems to indicate an effective hypotensive action of adrenergic beta-receptor antagonists. In spite of marked elevation of plasma renin activity in Goldblatt-rats, the beta-blocker Pindolol failed to lower the blood pressure. On the contrary, high doses of this substance led to an acceleration of the Goldblatt-type hypertension, perhaps because of the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of Pindolol. These findings support the conception that beta-blockers are effective in lowering the blood pressure only in hypertension with stimulated renin secretion, which is caused by an increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Plasma renin activity was not altered by Pindolol. There existed a linear relationship between blood pressure and left-ventricular weight in all groups of rats, which was not impaired by Pindolol in all used doses.