Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Kunzmann.
1. Bathydraco marri Norman is a cold-adapted Antarctic teleost (Family: Bathydraconidae), living preferably at depths between 400 and 1200 m. 2. The blood of this species contains a single hemoglobin, in which oxygen binding is pH-regulated (Bohr and Root effects). 3. The complete amino acid sequence of the alpha and beta chains of the hemoglobin of B. marri has been elucidated.
In a retrospective study of 163 pancreatic sonograms, five internal echo patterns were correlated with the ultimate clinical diagnoses. Attention to the internal echo patterns of the pancreas can provide useful information in diagnosing pancreatic disease, including identification of abnormalities in glands of normal size and contour.
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One hundred thirty-four patients suspected of having pancreas cancer successfully underwent gray scale ultrasound examination of the pancreas. The prospective ultrasound findings were correlated with the final diagnoses, laparotomy findings, and pathology findings. Fifty-four patients had pancreas cancer, confirmed by resection or biopsy in all cases. On ultrasonography, the pancreas was correctly reported to have abnormalities in sixty-one of seventy-eight patients (78 per cent) and correctly reported to have no abnornalities in thirty-eight of fifty-six patients (68 per cent). A correct ultrasound diagnosis of pancreas cancer was made for forty-four of fifty-six patients (81 per cent), and there were thirteen false-positive reports. Ninety-four percent of cancers confined to the head of the pancreas and 70 per cent of cancers at other locations within the gland were detected by ultrasound examination. The correct ultrasound diagnosis was given for fifteen of seventeen patients with resectable pancreas cancer, the degree of associated pancreatitis ranging from minimal to severe. Analysis of the predictive values of positive and negative ultrasound examinations suggests that this test could be used to screen a population of patients with symptoms mildly suggestive of pancreas cancer. The importance of preselecting the level of confidence of a positive test result, a,ove which further investigation is indicated, is emphasized.
In a retrospective study, ultrasound diagnoses were correct in 93% of 164 patients referred for examination because of suspected placenta praevia. There was one false-negative finding in 13 cases of proven placenta praevia, and ten false-positive errors in 151 true-negative cases. False-positive results represented the largest number of errors. Examination of the patient with an empty bladder, in addition to the routine technique, is suggested to reduce the number of false-positive results.
Ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis was performed in 16 patients with lymphoma who underwent clinical and pathologic staging. The results of the ultrasound examinations were correlated with the pathological findings as were the results of gallium-67 scans, inferior vena cavagrams and lymphangiograms obtained in the same group. Analysis of the data indicated accuracies in the 80-90% range and specificities of greater than 90% for ultrasound. The sensitivity of ultrasound was somewhat lower, in the 60-70% range. These findings compare favorably with those of the other diagnostic procedures evaluated and indicate the usefulness of ultrasound in the staging of lymphoma.
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The mean wall thickness, in relation to the external diameter, of 100 muscular arteries distended by barium gelatin at 100cm H2O pressure was calculated in "normal" lungs from patients who ranged in age from 3 to 79 years. For normal vessels less than 2 mm in diameter the mean was 2.4% of the external diameter. The mean for vessels in the five persons under 40 years was 1.8% but it was 2.8% for the five older individuals. Although this difference may reflect some increased muscularity with age, some of the increment may be related to a reduced distensibility of vessels caused by the accumulation of interstitial fluid, as manifested by increased weight in the older lungs. Intimal fibrosis was found to increase with age but occurred in less than 50% of the vessels measured.
The small muscular pulmonary arteries are thought to be normal in obstructive pulmonary disease despite prolonged hypoxic stimulation to medial thickening. Because measurements on nondistended vessels have considerable variability, we reinvestigated the problem by studying the percentage of wall thickness of distended arteries in lungs taken post mortem from 5 asymptomatic emphysematous patients and 11 symptomatic patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. Vessels in the former patients had normal medial thicknesses. In contrast, we found an elevated mean percentage of wall thickness for vessels between 0.3 and 2.0 mm in diameter of 4.46% +/-1.44% (mean +/-SD) for patients with obstructive airways disease. Obstructive pulmonary disease, therefore, produced medial hypertrophy in small muscular arteries similar to that seen in other conditions associated with chronic hypoxia.