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Biomedical subjects

A Kupietzky

Publications and source records attributed to A Kupietzky.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The role of mast cell-derived histamine in the closure of an in vitro wound.

We have previously reported that mast cells (MC) stimulate 3T3 fibroblast migration and proliferation into an in vitro model of wound obtained by producing in a confluent 3T3 monolayer, a midline cut and by scraping the cells from half of the monolayer. The purpose of the present study was to determine the contribution of mast cell-derived histamine to this MC increasing effect. Histamine levels in supernatants of MC/ 3T3 cultures unactivated or activated with either compound 48/80 or anti-IgE antibodies (10 min) did not correlate to the degree of fibroblast migration and proliferation into the wound space (42 h). Various concentrations of histamine were added to 3T3 fibroblast monolayers in the absence of cocultured MC, and fibroblasts beyond the wound line were counted (42 h). Addition of 100 ng/ml histamine had the highest stimulating effect on fibroblast numbers. This effect was abrogated by the addition of cimetidine (an H-2 antagonist). Addition of cimetidine to unactivated MC/ 3T3 cultures did not affect the increasing activity of MC presence on the wounded monolayer, although it diminished the enhancing effect obtained after MC activation with compound 48/80. These results indicate that histamine is partially responsible for the mast cell enhancing effect on fibroblast migration and proliferation in an in vitro model of wound.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1995

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: characteristics and treatment.

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a rare congenital disease that affects several ectodermal structures. The disease is usually transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait in which the gene is carried by the female and manifested in the male. Manifestations of the disease differ in severity and may involve teeth, skin, hair, nails, and sweat and sebaceous glands. Most affected children require extensive dental treatment to restore their appearance and help the development of a positive self-image.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Teaching kindergarten and elementary school children dental health: a practical presentation.

A simple lesson of dental health addressed to children of kindergarten and first grade is presented in a step by step manner. The entire presentation is structured to take less than 30 minutes and minimum teaching aides are required. The terms taught include: plaque, gum, crown, root, dentin, enamel, germ, silver and white fillings and fluoride. The children at the end of the presentation should understand the importance of teeth, how to properly care for their teeth and how cavities form and may be avoided.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Increased numbers of mast cells in pemphigus vulgaris skin lesions. A histochemical study.

We have used a histochemical technique to study mast cells (MC) in skin biopsies of 8 patients suffering from pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and from 4 control volunteers. The MC were stained for 30 min with 0.5% toluidine blue, pH 0.5, counted and then restained for 5 days under the same conditions. This staining method allows the identification of two groups of MC, one that stains promptly (30 min) and one that stains after longer incubation times (5 days). After 30 min of staining, a slight increase was found in the number of MC in PV sections, in comparison with normal controls. However, when the 30 min stained sections were reincubated under the same conditions for 5 days, a significant increase in the number of MC in PV was found in comparison with 5-day-stained normal skin sections (p less than 0.005) and in comparison with 30-min-stained PV sections (p less than 0.005). The MC were distributed throughout the dermis and were concentrated in the upper dermis near hair follicles and vessels. The possible importance of the increased numbers of MC in PV is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Mast cells enhance migration and proliferation of fibroblasts into an in vitro wound.

The effects of mast cells (MC) in an in vitro wound model were studied. The model consisted of rat peritoneal MC cultured on confluent monolayers of 3T3 fibroblasts (MC/3T3). A linear wound was performed by cutting along the midline and scraping one half of the monolayer. After 42 h fibroblasts were counted in the scraped area of the wound. In the MC/3T3 cocultures 27.6 +/- 2.1 fibroblasts were found compared to 16.6 +/- 0.9 in the 3T3 cultures. The most significant increase in the number of fibroblasts was obtained upon activation of the MC with anti-IgE antibodies immediately after wound production (39.9 +/- 2.1). Stimulation with compound 48/80 had a weaker effect (32.7 +/- 1.5). Incubation of 3T3 wounded monolayers with supernatants of anti-IgE- or compound 48/80-activated MC, or with sonicated MC, induced an increase in fibroblast number similar to that found in unactivated MC/3T3. [3H]Thymidine incorporation followed by autoradiography was performed to assess fibroblast mitosis. The highest number of labeled fibroblasts beyond the wound line was found in immunologically activated MC/3T3 (29.7 +/- 4.4), followed by compound 48/80-activated MC/3T3 (18.4 +/- 1.5), MC/3T3 (15.1 +/- 3.6), and 3T3 (10.6 +/- 2.6). After addition of aphidicolin, which inhibited fibroblast mitosis, MC were still effective in enhancing fibroblast migration. In all the cocultures MC were observed to have migrated alongside fibroblasts. Thus merely the presence of MC adhering to wounded fibroblast monolayers significantly enhanced migration and proliferation of the fibroblasts. A further increase was achieved by immunological activation of the MC. We therefore suggest that MC have a facilitating role in this in vitro wound model.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Canavan disease--an expanded role for dentists.

Canavan disease (CD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that occurs predominantly but not exclusively in Ashkenazi Jews. It is characterized by a normal birth, rapidly followed by signs of lack of interest, hypotonia, and megalencephaly, resulting in early death. Genetic studies suggest that among Ashkenazi Jews the carrier frequency is between 1/35 and 1/59. Dentists aware of CD can assist in the treatment of infants and children afflicted with this disorder. Early dental treatment may support parents and siblings in caring for the child with CD and help create good family dynamics.

Canavan Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoride exchange from glass ionomer preventive resin restorations.

The purposes of this in vivo study were to determine if placing a sealant over a glass ionomer restoration modifies its fluoride release, and to examine the effect on glass ionomer of a 4-min application of topical fluoride. Fluoride release from glass ionomer preventive resin restorations placed in 21 bovine teeth was measured before and after removing their sealants. Fuji II, Ketac Silver, and Fuji LC were evaluated, representing the three generations of glass ionomers. Fluoride was extracted from the restorations by incubating the specimens in 5 ml deionized water and was measured by specific ion electrodes at 1 and 2 days, then once weekly for 7 weeks. The results indicated that fluoride release was not significantly different in pattern or quantity in the three types of ionomer (P > 0.05). A significant reduction in fluoride release occurred when the restorations were covered with a sealant when compared with control restorations of the same materials (P < 0.001). After removing the sealant from the glass ionomer preventive resin restorations, a significant release of fluoride occurred when compared with sealed restorations (P < 0.001). After 63 days in water, the unsealed restorations were subjected to a 4-min topical APF treatment and reimmersed in water for an additional 27 days to examine the ability of the various materials to absorb fluoride. The fluoride-depleted restorations treated with fluoride released significantly more fluoride than fresh, untreated ionomer restorations (P < 0.001) or amalgam restorations. As a result of fluoride release, the glass ionomer preventive resin restoration may afford chemical protection to the tooth if sealant loss occurs.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enamel pearls in the primary dentition: report of two cases.

Two cases of enamel pearls present in the furcation area of primary mandibular second molars are reported. Clinical and histologic examination revealed that the pearls were composite enamel pearls. Complications arising from this uncommon entity may include delayed exfoliation of the primary tooth and/or deviation of the succedaneous tooth. Radiographic interpretation and detection of the enamel pearl may be complicated by the superimposition of the developing permanent tooth, and their incidence may be higher than reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intranasal midazolam better at effecting amnesia after sedation than oral hydroxyzine: a pilot study.

Providing amnesia about a surgery is a desired side effect of a medication. This study compares anterograde amnesic effects of midazolam with hydroxyzine in children undergoing dental treatment with those drugs plus nitrous oxide, using a recall test. Thirty ASAI children 24-28 months, were shown a Standard-Binet intelligence scale-memory for objects subtest before entering treatment room. Twenty-lone randomly determined children received 3.7 mg/kg hydroxyzine 45 min before treatment or 0.2 mg/kg intranasal midazolam in two succeeding appointments, alternatively. Recall in the 30-subject treatment group was 90%. Recall in the 21-subject treatment group was 71% for hydroxyzine and 29% for midazolam. Midazolam was more effective in creating amnesia than hydroxyzine in this study.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of nitrous oxide on diazepam sedation of young children.

This study was performed to test the hypothesis that nitrous oxide augments the effects of diazepam sedation of young children by reducing crying and movement and improving the overall quality of sedation. Twenty-four children (mean age of 32 months) were sedated on two occasions with two different treatment regimens. All subjects received a standard oral dose of 0.5 mg/kg of diazepam with and without nitrous oxide during each of two treatment visits. During one visit, the subjects received 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen for the first 20 min followed by 100% oxygen for the balance of the procedure and, during the second visit, the reverse regimen was used. All subjects were restrained in a Papoose Board (Olympic Medical, Seattle, WA) with an auxiliary head restraint. Successful sedation, as evidenced by lack of crying or movement that interrupted treatment, occurred in 83% of administrations. Vital signs remained essentially unchanged throughout all treatment with the exception of transitory elevation of the pulse and respiratory rates, which usually occurred when the mouth prop was inserted, local anesthesia was administered, and the rubber dam was placed. When the evaluation of the overall sedation was compared with and without nitrous oxide, it was better with nitrous oxide 56% of the time, worse 13% of the time, and the same in the remaining 31% of the comparisons. It is concluded that nitrous oxide may slightly augment the effect of diazepam sedation of young children, but it does not do so uniformly for all children receiving sedation.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effectiveness of midazolam and hydroxyzine as sedative agents for young pediatric dental patients.

The purpose of the study was to compare hydroxyzine (HYD) and 0.2mg/Kg midazolam (MDZ) as sedative agents for young pediatric dental patients. Twenty-nine healthy two-to-four-year-old children participated in the study. Hydroxyzine was dripped nasally 10 minutes before treatment. The patient's crying, alertness, movement and general behavior were blindly assessed and statistically analyzed. No differences were found between the mean general behavior scores nor between the first and second visits in both groups. A significant difference (p < 0.02) was found in the acceptance of the face and nasal masks by children of the midazolam group between the first and second appointments. None of the children of this group cried nor moved at the first visit. The results of the study indicate that midazolam is somewhat more effective than hydroxyzine as a sedative agent for short procedures in young pediatric dental patients.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Milk and egg albumen are superior to human saliva in preserving human skin fibroblasts.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare egg albumen, whole bovine milk, human saliva, and tissue culture medium (MEM) for effect on the viability of human skin fibroblasts and their osmolalities. Confluent monolayers of fibroblasts were grown. Growth medium was poured off and dishes were divided into five groups, 15 dishes each of: 1) chick egg albumen; 2) fresh whole milk; 3) human saliva; 4) tissue culture medium; and 5) bench-dried storage without any media. After 15, 45, and 90 min the average number of vital cells was measured using the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Tissue culture medium represented the best preservation media for human skin fibroblast cells (92.8% at 45 min, 87.6% at 90 min). No significant differences were observed between milk and albumen, with a majority of the cells surviving after 90 min (67.6% and 70.2%, respectively). Human saliva, due to its hypotonicity, markedly swelled the cells, causing decreased cell viability (27.4% at 90 min). Bench-dried cells, as expected, showed no viable cells as early as 15 min. The osmolality of the MEM, milk and egg albumen ranged between 251-298 mOsm/kg, whereas the saliva was hypotonic, with an osmolality of 73 mOsm/kg.

Culture Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparing the behavior of children treated using general anesthesia with those treated using conscious sedation.

This study compared the dental behavior of young children previously treated using general anesthesia (GA) with those treated with conscious sedation (CS). The sample included healthy children, two to four years of age, treated in private practice. The general anesthesia group included twenty-four children (mean age at time of treatment = 31 months) who were evaluated twelve to thirty-six months later (mean = 25 months). The conscious sedation group included thirty children (mean age at time of treatment = 35 months) who were evaluated twelve to thirty-eight months later (mean = 21 months). Both groups were subjected to a standard recall examination during which behavior and anxiety measures were used to assess the subjects' responses to the dental setting. Behavior was evaluated by the dentist and parent independently. Children were asked about their dental fears, recall of previous treatment and willingness to return to the dental clinic. Parents were asked to report any suspected psychologic trauma they attributed to the previous treatment. Behavior in both groups was positive or definitely positive as rated with the Frankl scale in the overwhelming majority of subjects (92 percent general anesthesia, 93 percent conscious sedation) as evaluated by the dentist. Parents rated their child's behavior more negatively, 33 percent and 27 percent of the time, respectively, in both groups. Seventeen percent of the children reported being afraid of the dentist in the general anesthesia group and 20 percent in the conscious sedation group. In both groups, fewer than 10 percent of the parents reported that they felt their child was traumatized by the initial dental treatment. The results support the hypothesis that there is no difference in the expected future dental behavior or anxiety of children who experience conscious sedation compared with general anesthesia for dental treatment at a young age.

Anesthesia, Dental↗