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Biomedical subjects

A L Bruu

Publications and source records attributed to A L Bruu.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Amantadine and rimantadine against influenza A].

Amantadine and the analogue rimantadine have an antiviral effect on influenza A virus and are approximately 60% effective in preventing illness. The drugs are administered orally, and peak plasma concentration is achieved at two hours after a single dose. Side effects occur in 5-20% of the cases, but generally mild and transient and seen mainly with doses of more than 200 mg a day. This paper describes the mechanism of action and the pharmacokinetics of the drugs, and refers to some important clinical trials. Amantadine has been used in Norway to treat Parkinson's disease since 1972. The licensing of the amantadine and rimantadine for use against influenza A in this country is also discussed.

Amantadine↗
PubMed1992

[Infection problems in the leukopenia phase after autologous bone marrow transplantation].

Between 1986 and 1991, 29 patients with malignant lymphomas were treated with total body irradiation and high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation at the Norwegian Radium Hospital. Owing to treatment-induced bone marrow toxicity, the leucocyte count in peripheral blood rapidly fell to zero. The aplastic phase lasted for 25 days (median). All patients experienced fever in the posttransplant period and needed broad-spectrum antibiotics. 12 patients had documented bacteremia, mostly with Gram-positive isolates. There were seven cases of documented focal infections, and antibiotic-associated colitis was seen in two cases. Other complications included bleedings and skin rashes. Four patients died in the post-transplant period from complications related to the cytotoxic treatment. We discuss guidelines for antimicrobial treatment of suspected and confirmed infections in neutropenic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Human parvovirus B19 as the cause of aplastic crisis in hereditary spherocytosis].

A seven months old boy was admitted to hospital for investigation and treatment of severe anaemia. The final diagnosis was hereditary spherocytosis. When, six weeks later, he developed an aplastic crisis, serological criteria provided evidence of recent human parvovirus B19 infection. The same disease was detected in the family. Human parvovirus B19 is shown to be of particular interest in aplastic crisis.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1991

Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in Norway 1981-87 earlier diagnosed as ornithosis.

Ornithosis has been a notifiable disease in Norway since 1957. During an outbreak of respiratory disease in 1981-82, described as ornithosis, contact with birds was stated in only 50% of the cases, suggesting that the infection was spread by interhuman transmission. A similar outbreak occurred in the western part of Norway in 1987. Serum specimens from altogether 260 patients, collected during the outbreaks in 1981-82 and in 1987, were investigated for antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae (strain TWAR). Evidence of recent infection with C. pneumoniae was found in 67.7% of the cases. The results indicate that the increased incidence of ornithosis in 1981-82 and in 1987 was due mainly to C. pneumoniae infections.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1989

Countrywide epidemics of Chlamydia pneumoniae, strain TWAR, in Scandinavia, 1981-1983.

There was a large increase in incidence of reported cases of ornithosis in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark in 1981-1983. Serologic evidence indicated that the epidemic was caused by the newly described Chlamydia organism, C. pneumoniae, strain TWAR. When serum samples that had been shown to contain Chlamydia complement fixing antibodies were tested by the microimmunofluorescence method with TWAR antigen, 49%-71% showed evidence of current TWAR infection during the epidemic years compared with 10%-20% in nonepidemic years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

An outbreak of ornithosis in Norway in 1981.

During 1981 there were 508 laboratory confirmed cases of ornithosis in Norway. This represents a 7-fold increase compared with previous years. Among 370 patients examined by the National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, 148 stated some contact with birds. There were also small family outbreaks and cases of ornithosis in school friends etc. where no bird exposure had occurred, suggesting that interhuman transmission might be involved. The clinical picture was that of a respiratory disease with pneumonia in more than half the cases. The clinical course was mild to moderately severe. At present we have no explanation for this change in the epidemiologic pattern of ornithosis in Norway.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Laboratory findings in chronic prostatitis--with special reference to immunological and microbiological aspects.

Twenty-nine consecutive patients hospitalized for chronic prostatitis were examined. The HLA and radiographic findings are presented in detail elsewhere. Serum immunoglobulin levels were normal. The concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM in prostatic fluid were significantly lower than in serum, both absolutely and as percentages of total protein concentration. Distinct bands were seen in the gamma region of agarose gel electrophoresis from prostatic fluids both in patients and in controls, and other tests also indicated that they did not reflect oligoclonal Ig responses. Growth of Chlamydia or Mycoplasma species was not detected in any of the biopsy specimens. We conclude that, with the test panel used, we have not been able to confirm that immunological factors or the presence of Chlamydia or Mycoplasma species is important in chronic prostatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Infertility and uterine colonization with Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Samples of cervical mucus and endometrial tissue from 379 women who were infertile for various reasons were examined for the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, and the results were compared with those obtained in 40 fertile women. In the cervical samples U. urealyticum was present in about half of the women in both groups, whereas positive cultures from the endometrium were obtained significantly more often among the infertile patients (26%) than among the controls (7.5%). Between the different infertility subgroups (unaccountable infertility, infertility caused by tubal abnormalities, husband infertility and other known causes) no significant differences were found. The presence of U. urealyticum in the endometrium was asymptomatic and was not related to prior pelvic inflammatory disease. In 14% of the Ureaplasma-positive endometria, aerobic or anaerobic bacteria were demonstrated. A treatment trial was also included in the study, but did not arrive at any definite conclusion as to the specific role of endometrial Ureaplasma colonization in infertility.

Bacteriological Techniques↗