Biomedical subjects

A L Comunian

Publications and source records attributed to A L Comunian.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Sociomoral reflection and prosocial and antisocial behavior: two Italian studies.

Two Italian studies on the development of moral judgment based on the 1992 Sociomoral Reflection Measure-Short Form of Gibbs, Basinger, and Fuller were performed. In Study 1, 49 male and female adolescent volunteers involved in prosocial activities and a control group of 60 nonvolunteers completed the form. In Study 2, 60 male drug abusers in a drug-rehabilitation community were compared with a matched group of 60 nondrug abusers. Analysis showed that involvement in prosocial activities was associated with higher stages of moral judgment and Type B responses, while drug abuse was associated with lower stages of moral judgment and more Type A responses. The moral type scores were less closely associated with behavioral outcomes than the moral stage scores, perhaps reflecting the interplay between universal sociocognitive processes and specific real-life situations.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

The relation between observed and perceived family structures: an integrative model.

Two methods of family structure evaluation were compared, the Georgia Family Q-sort which provides an observational measure of family interaction and the FACES III which is a self-report measure of cohesion and adaptability of the real and ideal family as perceived. Both measures were used with family groups of various sizes and compositions. Integrative data association of family-relevant information was used to assess the interactional structure of 20 one-parent and 20 two-parent family groups. The Q-sort procedure provided integrative data in terms of the situations in which the family is observed. The self-report measure provided integrative data in terms of responders' self-relevant perceptions (social or personal). Some support was found for both procedures. Correlations between the Q-sort clusters and self-report clusters were considered. The integrated use of the two methods is preferred because the integration provides more information about family structure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Anger, curiosity, and optimism.

We examined with 500 Italian subjects the relationship between the subscales of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and a measure of the sense of well-being, the Life Orientation Test. As predicted, associations were not significant with scores on the scale of optimism; however, all coefficients were negative and the smallest ones were with the Anger Control scale. We also correlated scores on state and trait curiosity with those on 3 anger-expression scales; values indicated these dimensions were also unrelated to anger. The results indicate that, while anger has been proposed as an important component in the association of emotions with health, the specific type of anger expression may not be critical for one's sense of well-being. They also suggest that the construct of curiosity deserves further study as a potential measure of one's sense of well-being.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Anxiety, cognitive interference, and school performance of Italian children.

The relationship between test-anxiety and school performance is thought to be mediated by stress of cognitive appraisal and interference. Worry appears to be the critical component of test-anxiety which affects task performance done in the USA. The present goal was to investigate relationships among cognitive interference, test-anxiety, and school performance of Italian children, 11 to 13 years old (150 boys, 150 girls). The results show that prior findings are applicable to the Italian youngsters, namely, that cognitive interference is positively related to test-anxiety and both are related to school performance.

Achievement↗

PubMed1989

Some characteristics of relations among depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy.

Self-efficacy should be regarded as a cognitive precursor or as a component of anxiety and of depression. Data on depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy were available from a study of the relation of self-concept to depression. Scores on the Children's Depression Scale of Lang and Tisher, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory of Spielberger, Test-Anxiety Inventory of Spielberger, Self-efficacy Scales of Schwarzer, and the Three-Person Test of Backes, were analyzed by multivariate methods. Subjects were 200 high school students ages 15 to 17 yr. The factor solution obtained from the factor analysis provides information regarding state-anxiety, test-anxiety, worry, and self-efficacy. Further research is planned for a better understanding of the linkages among self-efficacy, self-concept, depression, and anxiety.

Adolescent↗