PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A L Courtieu

Publications and source records attributed to A L Courtieu.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Prophylactic systemic antibiotherapy with only ceftriaxone in neutropenic patients treated in a protected environment].

Prophylactic systemic antibiotherapy with ceftriaxone (CRO) alone was tested in aplastic patients receiving total gut decontamination and treated in protected environment. To enter the study, the patients had to be afebrile when their polymorphonuclear (PMN) count fell under 500/cumm. Seventy eight therapeutic aplasias (after allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplant conditioning regimens or high dose chemotherapy) form the basis of this report. The median duration of aplasia was 19 D (11-93 D). Forty-three patients received during 51 aplasias one single injection of CRO per day as soon as PMN count was under 500/cumm. In 23 cases (45%) the patients remained afebrile until the end of aplasia. There were 3 Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremias (6%), 3 bacteriologically documented fevers (6%) and 1 Cryptococcus septicemia. Twenty-nine of these aplasias were part of a randomized study between group A (prophylactic CRO) and group B (non prophylactic CRO: 27 cases). In group A, there were significantly more aplasias without fever (34.5% vs 4%), and less bacteremias (10% vs 48%). Fever appeared later in group A (mean 12.5 D vs 6 D). No death was recorded during the whole study. Thus, in protected environment, prophylactic systemic antibiotherapy could still lessen the risk of bacterial infections. The side effects and the cost of such a procedure appeared to be diminished by a monoantibiotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Comparative activity of habekacin and 4 other aminoglycosides against gram-negative bacilli. Evolution of resistance].

The activity of 5 aminoglycosides compounds (habekacin, amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin and tobramycin) was studied by an agar dilution method, against 235 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and 146 other Gram negative bacilli. 79 to 98% of susceptible strains were observed, according to the aminoglycoside compound. Habekacin and amikacin were the most effective, specially against the more frequently resistant bacteria: Enterobacter, Serratia, Hafnia, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In comparison with a previous study, no evolution was observed in the resistance to aminoglycosides.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1988

[Comparative study of various API galeries for the identification of gram negative bacteria].

116 strains of Gram negative bacteria were identified with the use of API ATB 32 GN and Rapid 20 E galeries, in order to evaluate their performance as compared with API 20 E or API NE galeries used as reference. The identification concur (bacterial genus and species) in approximately 80 per cent of the cases. There are only 2 major discrepancies with ABT 32 GN galleries and only one with Rapid 20 E. In other cases, the profile that is obtained only permits identification of the genus but without a sufficient differentiation, requiring a study of additional characteristics or repetition of the test. These galeries enable to solve most routine diagnosis problems due to Gram negative bacteria, with the advantage of Rapid (Rapid 20 E) or automatized reading (ATB 32 GN).

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1987

[Preventive systemic antibiotherapy with ceftriaxone alone in neutropenic patients treated in a protected environment].

Prophylactic systemic antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone alone was tested in aplastic patients receiving total gut decontamination and treated in a protected environment. Only patients who were afebrile when their polymorphonuclear (PMN) count fell below 500/cumm were admitted to the study. Seventy-eight episodes of therapeutic aplasia (consecutive to allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplant conditioning regimens or to high dose chemotherapy) form the basis of this report. The median duration of aplasia was 19 days (range 11-93 days). Twenty patients received, during 22 episodes of aplasia, one single injection of ceftriaxone per day as soon as their PMN count was below 500/mm3. In 13 cases (59%) the patients remained afebrile until the end of aplasia, and no bacteriemia was detected. The second part of the study was randomized between group A (prophylactic ceftriaxone: 29 cases) and group B (no prophylactic ceftriaxone: 27 cases). Patients in group A had significantly more episodes of afebrile aplasia (34.5% vs 4%) and less bacteriemias (10% vs 48%) than those in group B. Also fever developed later in group A (mean: 12.5 vs 6 days). No death was recorded throughout the study. Thus, in a protected environment prophylactic systemic antibiotic therapy could still lessen the risk of bacterial infection. Using one single antibiotic seemed to reduce the side-effects and cost of the prophylactic treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Assessment of formulas for calculating critical concentration by the agar diffusion method.

The critical concentration of antibiotic was calculated by using the agar diffusion method with disks containing different charges of antibiotic. It is currently possible to use different calculation formulas (based on Fick's law) devised by Cooper and Woodman (the best known) and by Vesterdal. The results obtained with the formulas were compared with the MIC results (obtained by the agar dilution method). A total of 91 strains and two cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone) were studied. The formula of Cooper and Woodman led to critical concentrations that were higher than the MIC, but concentrations obtained with the Vesterdal formula were closer to the MIC. The critical concentration was independent of method parameters (dilution, for example).

Agar↗
PubMed1987

Pasteurella multocida bacteremia: report of thirteen cases over twelve years and review of the literature.

13 episodes of bacteremia caused by Pasteurella multocida were seen in a general hospital during a 12-year period. All the patients had an underlying disease (77% had cirrhosis) and 2 were receiving chemotherapy for hematologic malignancy. There was a numerical preponderance of male patients (69%). In 5/13 cases a recent animal-derived trauma could be found. In the other cases the source of the infecting organism was thought to be endogenous (from patients' own pharyngeal commensal flora) or secondary to contact with secretions of a pet animal. The clinical presentation of sepsis caused by this organism was nonspecific. Hypotension was seen in 5 cases. Localized sites of infection were certain in 6 and only clinically suspected in 4 other cases. The overall mortality rate was 31%. The administration of ampicillin seems the appropriate therapy for Pasteurella multocida bacteremia.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to beta-lactam antibiotics. Apropos of 338 strains isolated at the Regional Hospital Center at Nantes in 1984].

The MIC of 338 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated in 1984, in a French hospital, was determined by an agar dilution method, using seven beta-lactam antibiotics: ticarcillin, azlocillin, piperacillin, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, cefsulodin and ceftazidime. The MIC50-MIC90 were respectively: 32-64, 8-32, 8-16, 8-16, 16-64, 4-16, 2-4 mg/l. Ticarcillin was the most frequently effective compound (95% of the strains were susceptible), 90% of the strains were susceptible to ceftazidime or piperacillin, 87% to azlocillin and 84% to cefsulodin. Cefoperazone and ceftriaxone were much less effective (43% and 19% of the strains, respectively). The study of the resistance patterns showed a higher percentage (80%) of strains susceptible to all the penicillins than the percentage of strains susceptible to cephalosporins, most of them however were susceptible to both cefsulodin and ceftazidime. It also showed the relatively low frequency of resistant strains by inducible cephalosporinase or decreased permeability. Serovar 0.12 was characterized by its multi-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative activity of 9 beta-lactamines, clindamycin and metronidazole on strictly anaerobic bacteria].

The in vitro activities of amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin, cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefotaxime, cefmenoxime, ceftizoxime, latamoxef, clindamycin and metronidazole, were determined by agar dilution method for 196 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria. No metronidazole resistant strains could be found, 10% of tested strains were resistant to clindamycin. The majority of these strains was susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and piperacillin; less than 10% were resistant to latamoxef, cefoxitin, cefotaxime and ceftizoxime; whereas 15 to 20% were resistant to amoxicillin, cefotetan and cefmenoxime.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

[In vitro effect of piperacillin, amoxicillin, cefoxitin and metronidazole against obligate anaerobic bacteria].

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of piperacillin and three other antibiotics (amoxicillin, cefoxitin, metronidazole) against 165 strains of obligate anaerobes isolated in hospitals in 1985 and 1986 were determined by the Wilkins-Chalgren agar medium dilution method. Among the 67 strains of Bacteroides fragilis, 98.5% were sensitive to piperacillin (MIC less than or equal to 128 mg/l), 100% were sensitive to metronidazole (MIC less than or equal to 4 mg/l), 11.9% were resistant to cefoxitin (MIC greater than 32 mg/l) and 46% were resistant to amoxicillin (MIC greater than 16 mg/l). The MIC50 was about 4 mg/l with piperacillin, 8 mg/l with cefoxitin and 0.5 mg/l with metronidazole. All 32 strains of Clostridium perfringens were sensitive to the 4 antibiotics tested, with an MIC50 of about 0.06 mg/l with piperacillin, 0.125 mg/l with amoxicillin and 0.5 mg/l with cefoxitin and metronidazole. All other strains of Clostridium spp. (33 in all) were sensitive to piperacillin and metronidazole; the MIC's were about 0.06 mg/l with piperacillin, 0.25 mg/l with amoxicillin and metronidazole and 0.5 mg/l with cefoxitin. Seven strains (C. innocuum 5, C. difficile 1, C. ramosum 1) were resistant to cefoxitin. All 33 strains of Peptostreptococcus and Peptococcus were sensitive to the 4 antibiotics tested. Although metronidazole still is the most effective of anti-anaerobes agents, piperacillin has proved to be effective against most anaerobic bacteria, including B. fragilis. It is clearly superior to amoxicillin and relatively superior to cefoxitin, notably against this species.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1986

[Multicenter study of the activity of pefloxacin on bacteria isolated in a hospital milieu].

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of pefloxacin were evaluated by agar dilution for 3422 bacterial strains isolated in nine hospitals. Enterobacteriaceae proved very sensitive to pefloxacin: 62 p. 100 of 1743 strains tested had MIC less than or equal to 0.12 and 90 p. 100 less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml; but the percent of strains with MIC greater than or equal to 2 varied among the different groups of Enterobacteriaceae: 2.7 p. 100 for E. coli to 39 p. 100 for Serratia. 55 p. 100 for Pseudomonas and 81 p. 100 of Acinetobacter were inhibited by 1 micrograms/ml or less (mode MIC 1 and 0.5 micrograms/ml). Haemophilus sp.: 0.03 and 0.06 micrograms/ml and Gonococci were very sensitive to pefloxacin. The spectrum of pefloxacin extended to Gram positive cocci: MIC of Staphylococci were 0.06 to 8 micrograms/ml (mode MIC: 0.5); Enterococci, other Streptococci and Pneumococci were less sensitive: 2 and 4 micrograms/ml for the majority of strains. Concerning anaerobic bacteria, pefloxacin was more active against Clostridium (0.5 to 1 microgram/ml generally), than against Bacteroides (4 to 16 micrograms/ml).

Bacteria↗
PubMed1986

[Evaluation of the activity of antibiotics against Listeria. Therapeutic perspectives].

The activity of different antibiotics was considered by studying the results reported in literature and during the IXth International Symposium on the Problems of Listeriosis. Listeria susceptibility to antibiotics did not change. Ampicillin was always one of the most effective and used antibiotics against Listeria. The association with an aminoglycoside produced a synergistic effect, which made the bactericidal activity quicker, in vitro as in vivo on animal. More recent molecules like third generation cephalosporins or fluoro-piperazinyl-quinolones had poor activity against Listeria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Pleuropulmonary disease caused by Pasteurella multocida. Study of 9 cases. Review of the literature].

Nine cases of pleuro-pulmonary infection due to Pasteurella multocida were observed over an 11 year-period (1974-1984) occurring in seven men and two women, with a mean age of 65 (range: 47-80 years). There were 4 pneumonias and 5 cases of empyema, occurring on three occasions after septicemia. There was a background of depressed immunity in 7 cases: alcoholic cirrhosis (4 cases), blood dyscrasias (2 cases), breast cancer (1 case); and of a chronic broncho-pulmonary pathology in two cases. Animal inoculation was present in six cases but only one case of pneumonia followed injury by an animal (cat scratch). The clinical, radiological and epidemiological data of these nine cases were similar to those in the literature (forty-five published cases). There was a zero mortality in our (from 30%) in the literature. Pasteurella multocida is an opportunistic organism, noncommensal in man, producing pulmonary infections in subjects with generalised or localised diminished resistance, the portal of entry being airborne (indirect animal contact) or haematogenous. The organism is nearly always sensitive to Penicillin and other B-lactamines. The gravity of infections to Pasteurella multocida relates to the degree of decompensation or severity of the underlying disorder.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

A multi-centre study on the phage typing of Listeria monocytogenes.

The aim of this multicenter study was to determine and to standardize methods in order to have common basis for comparing results of phage typing of Listeria monocytogenes. Using a common set of Listeria strains, a standardized method, including media, bacterial growth conditions, application of viruses and reading of lytic reactions, was established. 29 bacteriophages were selected according to their host range. This phage typing system allowed phagovar determination of 54% of the serogroup 1/2 strains and 77% of the serogroup 4 strains of L. monocytogenes.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1985

Reliability of the bronchoscopic protected catheter brush in intubated and ventilated patients.

The reliability of a bronchoscopic protected catheter brush (BPCB) in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection was studied in 17 intubated and ventilated patients, including seven patients free from such infection (group 1) and ten patients with suspected infection (group 2). A first sample was obtained in the lower trachea by aspiration through the fiberoptic bronchoscope and a second in a distal bronchus by the BPCB procedure. In group 1, all BPCB cultures were sterile, although lower tracheal cultures yielded two or more bacterial species, showing that uncontaminated specimens can be obtained by the BPCB procedure. In three patients of group 2, BPCB cultures remained sterile as a nonbacterial pulmonary disease was certified by open lung biopsy. In seven patients from group 2, BPCB cultures yielded all of the organisms isolated simultaneously by reference methods (ie, cultures of blood or pleural fluid, serologic tests, and open lung biopsy). In two of these patients, contamination of the BPCB specimens was ascertained by the reference method bacterial results. In this study the BPCB procedure was able to obtain uncontaminated specimens in intubated and ventilated patients and was mainly accurate in identifying the bacterial etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative effects of netilmicin and 4 other aminoglycosides on 1028 bacterial strains isolated in a hospital milieu].

The activity of netilmicin and four other aminoglycosides was studied by a diffusion method against 1 028 bacterial strains isolated in hospital. Nearly all the strains of Gram-negative bacilli were susceptible to amikacin; with netilmicin, tobramycin, gentamicin and dibekacin the percentages of susceptible strains were smaller, without any statistically significant differences between them. Amikacin and netilmicin were the most effective compounds against staphylococci. Netilmicin seemed to be the most effective compound, in vitro, against streptococci. The MIC of gentamicin and netilmicin of 224 strains showed the superior activity of netilmicin against K. pneumoniae, Proteus, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative sensitivity of 207 strains of strict anaerobic bacteria to piperacillin and 4 other antibiotics].

The MIC of two hundred and seven anaerobic bacterial strains was determined by an agar dilution method for five antibiotics (piperacillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefalotin, metronidazole). 100% of the strains were susceptible to carbenicillin (MIC less than or equal to 128 mg/l), 97% to piperacillin (MIC less than or equal to 16), 86% to metronidazole (MIC less than or equal to 4), 70% to ampicillin (MIC less than or equal to 4) and 68% to cefalotin (MIC less than or equal to 8). Amongst bêta-lactam compounds, piperacillin and ampicillin determined the lowest MIC for Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium, Clostridium and Gram-positive cocci. Amongst Bacteroides fragilis strains, the lowest MIC were obtained with metronidazole.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1985

[Multicenter study of the in vitro effect of imipenem (N-formimidoyl-thienamycin) on hospital bacteria].

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem were evaluated by agar dilution for 2 895 bacterial strains isolated in 9 hospitals. Imipenem proved highly active against Enterobacteriaceae, with an MIC less than or equal to 0.25 for 63% of the 1 556 tested strains, less than or equal to 1 for 89.6% and less than or equal to 4 for 99%. The different groups of Enterobacteriaceae exhibited similar mode MICs (0.12 to 0.25), with the exception of Serratia (0.25-0.5), P. mirabilis (0.5), indole-positive Proteus (2), and Providencia (1). MICs of most cefotaxime-resistant strains were within the susceptibility range. Imipenem also exhibited satisfactory activity against P. aeruginosa (mode MIC 1-2) and Acinetobacter sp. (mode MIC: 0.25-0.5). MICs ranged from 0.03 to 4 (mode MIC: 0.5) for Haemophilus sp. and 0.25 to 1 for Gonococci, regardless of beta-lactamase-production status. MICs for Meningococci were less than or equal to 0,06. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococci had low MICs, ranging from 0.008 to 0.5 (mode MIC : 0.016); MICs for methicillin-resistant strains varied widely, from 0.016 to 64, and were higher after incubation at 30 degrees C. Streptococci, except for Enterococci, and Pneumococci were highly susceptible (usually 0.008-0.03); MICs for Enterococci varied from 0,12 to 32 (mode MIC: 1-2). Except for four C. difficile strains, all tested anaerobic strains were inhibited by concentrations less than or equal to 1 (mode MICs: 0.06 for C. perfringens and 0.03 for B. fragilis).

Acinetobacter↗