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Biomedical subjects

A L Creese

Publications and source records attributed to A L Creese.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Cost effectiveness of potential immunization interventions against diarrhoeal disease.

Estimates are made of the costs per death averted and the costs per case prevented by three possible immunization interventions against diarrhoeal disease in children. These estimates are based on cost information collected from a number of on-going national immunization programmes and from effectiveness estimates reported in previously published reviews. The first part of the paper reviews the state of current knowledge regarding immunization costs and converts data from 9 different studies into a common set of price equivalents. The second section assesses the composition of typical immunization programme costs and estimates the likely effect on existing costs of introducing new vaccines. Compatibility between existing EPI activity and the administration schedule of the new vaccine is likely to be a major determinant of increments in cost per fully immunized child. The third section brings together the cost information with estimates of the likely impact of measles, rotavirus and new cholera vaccines on mortality and morbidity from diarrhoea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Assessing functional status among elderly patients: a comparison of questionnaire and service provider ratings.

This paper describes a comparative analysis of questionnaire-based measures of functional status and clinical ratings of disability made by general practitioners and health visitors. Both approaches to functional assessment were used in rating 92 elderly primary care patients in terms of their performance of 13 mobility and self-help activities. Simple dichotomous and more complex trichotomous measures of performance were used to summarize functional ability in both the questionnaire and the provider's evaluation. Agreement between questionnaire-based and rater assessments was greatest for less complex mobility and self-help functions in comparisons using both dichotomous and trichotomous scales.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1979

Home treatment in haemophilia: clinical, social and economic advantages.

Twenty-eight severely affected haemophiliacs were observed for 3 months under treatment as hospital out-patients and for the subsequent 9 months while treating themselves at home. Delay in receiving treatment and financial costs were both clearly reduced by home treatment, the patients recovered from individual bleeds more quickly and reported a greater sense of personal freedom and independence. The amount of treatment required did not materially change and no untoward effects were noted; the use of analgesics tended to be less.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Hospital or home care for the severely disabled: a cost comparison.

A case study of severely disabled patients needing regular mechanical help with breathing following poliomyelitis was set up in 1970 to establish what medical, technical, and social support would be required for home rather than hospital care. In this paper these two care alternatives are considered from an economic point of view and a detailed cost comparison is made between entirely hospital based care and predominantly home care.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cost effectiveness of alternative strategies for poliomyelitis immunization in Brazil.

Costs for immunization programs are reported for 16 municipalities in Brazil (January to June 1982). Costs per immunization are higher for all immunizations when given by routinely available, on-demand services. Both intensification of services, in which the medical staff provides outreach immunization clinics, and mass campaign strategies have lower average costs than do the routine services. In the case of immunization with oral poliovirus vaccine, average costs fall from approximately +1.59 to +0.68 (U.S.) when routine and mass campaign strategies are compared. Choice of the most cost-effective immunization policy is shown to involve considerations of vaccine types and target groups as well as delivery strategies and thus involves linking the economic data to epidemiologic considerations (vaccine efficacy and morbidity and mortality levels with and without immunization). Multiple-vaccine programs are likely to have a greater impact per dollar spent than are single-vaccine programs because of the low incremental costs of providing additional vaccinations.

Brazil↗