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Biomedical subjects

A L Larsen

Publications and source records attributed to A L Larsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Management of occupational risk to reproduction in a Danish county.

In Denmark pregnant women are entitled to receive maintenance allowances if the working conditions are suspected to be harmful to the fetus. The aim of the study was to evaluate these preventive measures taken to reduce occupational hazards to reproduction in Denmark. In 1985 1,247 pregnancies were identified in Ribe county during a 6-month period. Three hundred and forty-five women employed at the beginning of the pregnancy in manufacturing industries, construction work, health services, or agriculture were interviewed by telephone concerning their working conditions and the measures taken to reduce possible occupational risks. The response rate was 85%. On the basis of the interviews the risks and the preventive measures were assessed. Out of 200 women who had no changes in the working conditions during pregnancy, 46 (23%) had a working situation which was considered potentially harmful. For 57 the working situation was changed during the first months of pregnancy because of an assumed risk. The remaining 37 were out of work or received maintenance allowances because of occupational hazards. In this study a greater awareness than expected about possible occupational risks was found, but in some instances occupational risks were overlooked or neglected.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

Rat granulosa cell apolipoprotein E secretion. Regulation by cell cholesterol.

We have demonstrated previously that cultured rat ovarian granulosa cells synthesize and secrete apoE, and this production of apoE is increased by agents that stimulate protein kinase A (cyclic AMP-dependent enzyme) (for example, cholera toxin) and protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme) (for example, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, a phorbol ester). In the studies presented in this report, we have examined the effect of changes in cell cholesterol synthesis on the production of apoE by rat ovarian granulosa cells. Mevinolin, an inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase (the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis), and 4,4,10 beta-trimethyl-trans-decal-3 beta-ol, an inhibitor of squalene cyclization, both attenuate the cholera toxin or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate stimulation of granulosa cell apoE secretion and apoE mRNA content in a dose-responsive manner. The inhibitory effect of mevinolin is reversed by the concomitant administration of mevalolactone, which provides the cells with the product of the reaction catalyzed by HMG-CoA reductase. Steroidogenesis per se has no effect on apoE production. Aminoglutethimide, which blocks the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis, has no effect on apoE or apoE mRNA. The data indicate that products of HMG-CoA reductase (isoprenes, cholesterol and/or cholesterol metabolites) are required along with stimulators of protein kinases A and C, to regulate ovarian granulosa cell apoE production.

Aminoglutethimide↗
PubMed1989

Regulation of apolipoprotein E biosynthesis by cAMP and phorbol ester in rat ovarian granulosa cells.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is synthesized by the liver and many peripheral cells. Rat ovarian granulosa cells synthesize and secrete apoE, and this apoE production is increased by agents that increase cellular cAMP. In these studies of granulosa cell apoE synthesis we have examined the effect of agents that stimulate various cell kinases, including protein kinases A, G, and C. The cell content of apoE mRNA was measured simultaneously. Cholera toxin (1.25 micrograms/ml), dibutyryl-cAMP (5 mg/ml), and forskolin (10(-4) M), all of which increase cellular cAMP, stimulate apoE accumulation in the medium 7-10-fold. On the other hand, dibutyryl-cGMP (20 mg/ml) has no effect on apoE synthesis or secretion. The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (100 ng/ml), a protein kinase C stimulator, increases apoE accumulation in the medium 8-10-fold, while 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, the inactive phorbol congener, has no such effect. The cAMP effect on apoE synthesis by granulosa cells is maximal at 48 h, while the phorbol ester effect is maximal at 72-96 h in culture. The data indicate that agents whose effects are mediated by activation of protein kinases A and C, but not G, stimulate granulosa cell apoE production. These effects on the amount of secreted apoE are temporally preceded by increases in the granulosa cell content of apoE messenger RNA. Together, these data suggest that the regulation of apoE production in the rat ovarian granulosa cell could involve transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The role of exogenous calcium for gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone production by human granulosa-luteal cells.

Previous studies of cells from various species have indicated that exogenous calcium is necessary for gonadotropic stimulation of steroidogenesis. To determine whether this requirement for exogenous calcium is a universal attribute of steroidogenic cells, we studied baseline and stimulated progesterone (P) production by cultured human granulosaluteal cells obtained at the time of oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization (IVF). During 4 hours in culture, both cholera toxin (1.25 micrograms/mL) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 1 IU/mL) stimulated a significant (P less than 0.05) 2- to 4-times increase in P production. Both baseline and stimulated (cholera toxin or hCG) increases in P were unaffected when cellular uptake of exogenous calcium was inhibited by the calcium channel blocker nitrendipine (10 microM), or by culturing the cells in calcium-free medium or in calcium-free medium with [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]-tetra-acetic acid (EGTA, to chelate any possible free extracellular calcium). At later time points (24 and 48 hours), lack of available exogenous calcium began to have an inhibitory effect on P production, and the hCG effect was more sensitive to the lack of exogenous calcium than was the cholera toxin effect. We speculate that this apparent independence from exogenous calcium over a short culture period is due to the prior stimulation of these cells by exogenous gonadotropins employed in IVF cycles.

Calcium↗