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Biomedical subjects

A L Picchioni

Publications and source records attributed to A L Picchioni.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Evaluation of activated charcoal-sorbitol suspension as an antidote.

Studies in rats were performed to evaluate the effect of sorbitol on the antidotal efficacy of activated charcoal against four test drugs and to investigate the influence of storage upon the antidotal effect of activated charcoal-sorbitol suspension. The antidotal potency of activated charcoal was not diminished by sorbitol solution 70% w/v. In fact, it was enhanced by the sorbitol solution, as indicated by greater decrease in peak tissue drug concentration, compared to the effect produced by activated charcoal in aqueous suspension. Furthermore, storage of activated charcoal in sorbitol for as long as 1 year did not reduce the antidotal-efficiency of the absorbent.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Saline cathartics and saline cathartics plus activated charcoal as antidotal treatments.

The results of this experimental study indicate that Na2SO4 reduces the gastrointestinal absorption of aspirin, but not that of pentobarbital, chlorpheniramine, or chloroquine. Activated charcoal (AC) and the combination of AC + Na2SO4 were effective in reducing gastrointestinal absorption of all four test drugs. The combination treatment was more effective than AC treatment in reducing gastrointestinal absorption of aspirin, pentobarbital, and chloroquine. We believe that saline cathartics should not be used in lieu of AC for treatment of poison ingestions, and their routine use to treat poison ingestion should be reevaluated. On the other hand, saline cathartics may be used in conjunction with AC to enhance the antidotal effect of the adsorbent.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Activated charcoal updated.

Activated charcoal, commonly recommended for treatment of chemical ingestions, is the residue from destructive distillation of various organic materials treated to increase its adsorptive power. Since there are no known side effects, the dose should be sufficiently large for optimum adsorption. In the literature, the recommended doses range from 30 gm to 120 gm, or in a charcoal-drug ratio of 10:1. For maximum effect, activated charcoal should be administered within 30 minutes of ingestion. It can be given while its effectiveness for a particular toxic substance is verified.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of a charcoal-sorbitol mixture as an antidote for oral aspirin overdose.

The preparation of charcoal in a 70% sorbitol solution results in a suspension that is more palatable and less gritty than an aqueous slurry of charcoal. Although the charcoal-sorbitol mixture may be slightly less effective in reducing the extent of aspirin absorption compared with a charcoal slurry, it may prove to be of particular value in those cases where acceptance of a charcoal slurry presents a problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Acute effects of morphine and chlorpromazine on the acquisition of shuttle box conditioned avoidance response.

Morphine sulfate, 0.25-24.0 mg/kg, or chlorpromazine hydrochloride, 0.0625-4.0mg/kg were administered subcutaneously to naive rats 30 min prior to the start of massed-trials conditioned avoidance response (CAR) testing. The graded doses of both drugs were applied in each of three CAR task difficulty levels created by manipulation of the duration of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, intertrial interval and shock intensity. Chlorpromazine, in a dose-related manner, caused a decrement in CAR acquisition in all tasks. Morphine, in comparison, produced a biphasic dose response. For a given task difficulty, low doses of morphine enhanced acquisition, whereas higher doses inhibited acquisition. With increasing task difficulty, relatively larger doses of morphine were required to inhibit or facilitate acquisition of CAR. These results emphasize the need to consider not only drug dosage levels, but also the interaction of task difficulty in the application of drugs in learning paradigms.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Cadmium levels in hair and other tissues during continuous cadmium intake.

Rats that received cadmium 300 ppm in drinking water (average daily cadmium intake = 4.5 mg/rat) for 12 wk attained peak cadmium levels of 112, 34, and 19 mug/g in hair, liver, and kidney, respectively, at week 4. Rats that ingested cadmium 200 ppm (average daily cadmium intake = 3.6 mg/rat) for 13 wk attained peak cadmium levels of 29 mug/g in kidney at week 7, and 94 and 27 mug/g in hair and liver, respectively, at week 9. Despite continuous exposure to the heavy metal, tissue cadmium concentrations declined to steady-state levels of 24-33 mug/g in hair and 10-17 mug/g in liver and kidney. Histopathologic effects were not observed in liver or kidney. In contrast to cadmium in hair, blood cadmium levels, which remained consistently low (less than 0.04 mug/ml) throughout the study, did not correlate with changes in cadmium levels in liver and kidney.

Animals↗