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Biomedical subjects

A Larson

Publications and source records attributed to A Larson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Deoxythymidine kinase, a possible marker for monitoring activity of cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation.

Measurement of deoxythymidine kinase activity (S-TK) in serum is used as a marker for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection following transplant surgery. A case is presented where a kidney transplant patient suffered a fatal CMV infection. The new antiviral drug Foscarnet was used to treat the infection. Retrospective analysis of S-TK showed a good correlation with the course of the disease, its treatment, recurrence and final outcome.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1986

A determination of the health-protective behaviors of female adolescents: a pilot study.

In this study, the unique needs and developmental stage of adolescent females were considered in the determination of health-protective behaviors and needs. Through the use of a questionnaire, 211 female freshman dormitory residents (17-22 years of age) attending a small, private, midwestern university, were surveyed to assess their knowledge, utilization, and perceived teaching needs regarding selected health-protective behaviors. Findings indicated that almost all of them identified basic forms of health-protective behaviors. However, a majority exhibited inadequate knowledge and use of basic health care practices. The health-teaching needs identified most frequently were in the areas of: stress control; rape/suicide prevention; safety; and prevention/care of minor illnesses. Suggestions for program design and implications for health promotion are presented.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infection in ambulatory women.

We evaluated the accuracy and work load of six different approaches to identifying urinary tract infections in a general microbiology laboratory. Midstream urine (MSU) specimens from 387 ambulatory women were examined for pyuria and were cultured using a dual-plating technique that detects both low (10(2) to 10(4) organisms per milliliter) and high (greater than or equal to 10(5) organisms per milliliter) colony counts. Seventy-four urinary tract infections (defined as greater than or equal to 10(5) organisms per milliliter of MSU or greater than or equal to 10(2) aerobic gram-negative bacilli per milliliter of MSU in symptomatic patients) were identified. Twenty-four (32%) of the infections were characterized by low colony counts and would not have been identified using a 10(5) or greater colony-forming units/mL criterion for infection. Using the presence of pyuria to direct microbiological processing of urine specimens was the most accurate and efficient method of identifying urinary tract infections among voided specimens from ambulatory women, particularly if rapid screening methods for pyuria can be used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Intravesical ethoglucid (Epodyl) for treatment of noninvasive bladder cancer (stage Ta).

Widespread, well differentiated (grade I) bladder tumours confined to the mucosa (stage Ta) were treated with regular intravesical instillations of ethoglucid (Epodyl) in 24 patients. The therapeutic schedule could be followed in all but one patient, in whom side effects necessitated cessation of treatment. Complete response was obtained in 75% of the patients, and during continued prophylactic therapy 90% remained tumour-free. After termination of the treatment, however, new tumours appeared in 60-80% of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Iodine excretion and dietary iodine supply in newborn infants in iodine-deficient regions of West Germany].

Urinary iodine excretion was measured on the fifth day of life in 461 neonates from nine different towns in the Federal Republic of Germany. There was a progressive fall in levels from north to south, with highest values in Hamburg (2.9 micrograms/dl) and lowest in Freiburg (1.2 micrograms/dl). All levels were lower than those of neonates in other countries in which iodine is added to salt: Stockholm (61 neonates) 9.6 micrograms/dl, Zurich (63) 4.75 micrograms/dl. Iodine analysis of mothers in G ottingen on the fifth day post-partum indicated that iodine excretion in urine of mothers with goitre (51 cases) was significantly lower than in a control group without goitre (38): 17.6 compared with 30.0 micrograms/g creatinine, and the iodine content of breast milk in the goitre group was significantly lower than that of the control group (1.75 compared with 2.5 micrograms/dl). Iodine content in artificial infant milk preparations was of a similar range. These results indicate that iodine supply during the neonatal period in the Federal Republic of Germany is very low; they support the demand for general iodine-salt prophylaxis.

Diet↗
PubMed1984

Chemosensitivity tests by a miniclone technique.

A modified miniclone method has been adopted to tissue culture testing of sensitivity to cytostatic drugs. The technique permits detailed microscopic clonal analysis of multiplication of single cells under conditions of 100% plating efficiency of certain selected established tumor lines or normal cells. Three different response parameters were distinguished--cytolysis, cytostasis and replicative capacity of cell fraction capable of multiplication. Notable differences were found among the five drugs tested--adriamycin, alkeran, BCNU, platinol and streptozocin.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1984

Measuring gene flow among populations having high levels of genetic fragmentation.

We present an analysis of the genetic structures of 22 species of salamanders, with regard to levels of gene flow among populations. We estimate the gene flow parameter, Nm (the product of the effective population number and rate of migration among populations) using two alternative methods described by Wright and Slatkin. For most species, these two methods give approximately congruent estimates of Nm; when estimates differ, the method of Wright produces values slightly larger than those derived by the method of Slatkin. We analyze these results in light of independently derived historical inferences of the fragmentation of populations. This analysis suggests that the Nm values calculated from protein polymorphisms may contain information more relevant to historical patterns of gene exchange than to the current population dynamics; moderately large values of Nm may be calculated for species containing populations known to be no longer exchanging genes. Application of a method for estimating the maximum possible rate of gene exchange among populations indicates that, for most species studied here, gene flow among populations probably is no greater than the mutation rate. We suggest that most plethodontid species cannot be viewed as units whose cohesion is maintained by continuing gene exchange. Furthermore, we suggest that phenotypic uniformity among populations is not easily explained by hypotheses of continual stabilizing selection and propose that future work concentrate upon clarification of the genetic and epigenetic factors conferring self-maintenance or autopoietic properties on living systems.

Alleles↗
PubMed1984

Intravesical instillation of Adriamycin early after transurethral resection: measurements of plasma levels.

10 patients with frequently recurrent or wide-spread papillary tumors of the urinary bladder were treated by intravesical instillation of adriamycin (50-110 mg) within 3 h of transurethral resection of the tumors. The highest plasma concentration observed (73 ng/ml) was associated with the most extensive resection. In none of the other patients did the maximum plasma concentration exceed 30 ng/ml. Mostly, the intravesical instillation of adriamycin was given in immediate connection with the transurethral resection. Hence, the remaining effects from the epidural anesthesia eliminated all patients' discomfort related to the instillation therapy. In none of the patients was the combined therapy discontinued due to side effects.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social context of human immunodeficiency virus transmission in Africa: historical and cultural bases of east and central African sexual relations.

The literature relating to the social context of sexual relations in East and Central Africa has several implications for the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Colonially created cities in the region still discriminate economically and socially against women. Rapid urbanization is occurring, but migrants maintain strong ties with rural areas. Traditional attitudes towards marriage and sexuality affect urban behavior in the extent of marital stability, the frequency of polygyny, and the emotional bond between spouses. Ethnic groups in Kampala and Nairobi exemplify the cultural foundations of two forms of sexual relations found in the region, one characterized by prostitution and the other by small circles of interchanging lovers. The first results in a more rapid spread of HIV through the urban population and outwards into rural areas. Each pattern exerts unique constraints on behavioral change and requires different prevention campaigns.

Africa, Central↗