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Biomedical subjects

A Lea

Publications and source records attributed to A Lea.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

A longitudinal study into the perceptions of caring and nursing among student nurses.

A longitudinal study of a cohort of student nurses was undertaken in order to investigate whether changes in perceptions of nursing and caring take place and how perceptions of nursing and caring are related. The Caring Dimensions Inventory (CDI) and the Nursing Dimensions Inventory (NDI) were employed for data collection at entry to nurse education and after 12 months. There were significant changes in the scores of a range of items in both inventories which suggested that student nurses lose some of their idealism about nursing and caring after 12 months in nurse education. While the overall ranking of items in the inventories was very similar, it was possible to distinguish between the inventories at entry to training and to observe a change, particularly in the CDI, over time by means of Mokken scaling. Nursing and caring would appear to become more synonymous to the student nurses after 12 months in nurse education. Factors scores, for factors identified in the CDI in a previous study, were used to investigate whether these scores changed at 12 months into nurse education compared with entry. No significant changes were detected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A longitudinal study into the perceptions of caring among student nurses using multivariate analysis of the Caring Dimensions Inventory.

A longitudinal study involving student nurses' responses to the Caring Dimensions Inventory (CDI) was carried out to investigate the development of perceptions of caring. This study continues previously reported work in which the development of the CDI was described. The current study was designed to see if the CDI could detect changes in perceptions of caring among student nurses as they progressed through their training. Data were collected on the same subjects at three points, each a year apart, throughout the study. A cohort of 168 student nurses entering training was recruited into the present study and data from the CDI was analysed using exploratory factor analysis. A four factor structure for perceptions of caring throughout the study was supported, with some evidence for a five factor structure at 24 months into the programme of nurse education. A professional and technical factor increased in congruence with a similar factor, identified in a previous study, throughout the present study and was used to provide factor scores for individual students. There was a statistically significant and moderately sized correlation between the score on this factor and the age of the student nurses. The five factor solution yielded a factor of accountability. Professional and educational consequences of the study are discussed along with the problem of attrition in longitudinal studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Caring in nursing: a multivariate analysis.

The dimensions underlying the perceptions of caring among nurses were investigated using the Edinburgh Caring Dimensions Inventory (CDI). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis techniques were used. While there was a general caring factor on which the majority of the items in the CDI loaded, there were two separable major dimensions to caring, namely 'psychosocial aspects' and 'professional and technical aspects'. In addition, two smaller dimensions were identified that were both related to self-giving, and it is postulated that these refer, respectively, to appropriate and inappropriate self-giving in nursing.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The caring dimensions inventory (CDI): content validity, reliability and scaling.

Caring is an elusive phenomenon but this should not prevent the development and validation of reliable quantitative tools for studying this concept in large samples of nurses. The present paper reports on the content analysis of a questionnaire called the Caring Dimensions Inventory (CDI). The CDI was content validated in terms of existing conceptualizations of caring and research in this area and also in terms of a nursing taxonomy and its representation in popular United Kingdom nursing publications. The CDI was administered to a large sample of nurses working in Scotland and data were obtained from 1430 qualified and student nurses. The internal consistency of the CDI items related to perceptions of caring was established and the scalability of a sub-set of CDI items was demonstrated. The CDI scale was related to the constructs of age and sex of respondents. Possibilities for further analysis and development of the CDI are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Caring research and concepts: a selected review of the literature.

A selected review of the literature on caring in nursing is presented. The review relies on the work of the major theorists in this area. The major conceptualizations of caring are compared and contrasted, along with some of the research approaches which have been applied to investigate the phenomenon of caring in nursing. The outcome of quantitative and qualitative research on caring is described and the justification for an extension of the quantitative work, through the development of an appropriate inventory and the application of multivariate statistical analysis, is discussed.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed1994

Nursing in today's multicultural society: a transcultural perspective.

The argument that nurses need to consider the different ethnic and cultural backgrounds of their patients, in order to provide effective and safe nursing care, is presented. The concept of culture is then discussed in order to provide the conceptual context for examining transcultural nursing which is described as nursing practice that accounts for patients' cultural difference. This paper also explores how transcultural nursing is the means for nurses to enable their patients to improve or sustain their health as both nurses and patients struggle with the contradictions of racism, oppression and 'caring' that co-exist in a multicultural society.

Canada↗
PubMed1979

Azathioprine treatment of adjuvant arthritis.

Administration of azathioprine in the diet to Lewis rats reduced the lethality of this drug relative to various regimens by gavage. This mode of administration made it possible to administer effective doses with reduced toxicity. Azathioprine blocked the early development of adjuvant arthritis and decreased the joint scores of animals with established adjuvant disease. A combination of azathioprine and prednisolone produced an additive reduction of both developing and established joint scores. A 10 day pulse regimen of prednisolone resulted in a strong, rapid decrease in established joint scores. This decrease was sustained by continuous administration of azathioprine. In all cases removing azathioprine and/or prednisolone from the diet of animals with established adjuvant arthritis resulted in recurrence of disease. The results of these studies support the validity of the adjuvant model for prediction of anti-arthritic activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Women with HIV and their burden of caring.

It is argued that the survival time of women with AIDS is connected to these women's values and beliefs about health and AIDS, which in turn affect how they care for themselves and others. Moreover, their values and beliefs result from the interrelationship between economic conditions and cultural and social norms. Consequently, women's experience of HIV infection is affected by both their inferior role and status in society and the lack of acknowledgement of HIV and AIDS as women's health issues. This situation has the fatal consequence that women with AIDS have a shorter survival time than do men with AIDS.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Defining the roles of lay and nurse caring.

In this article, lay and nurse caring relationships are compared in order to understand their similarities and differences. The author attempts to clarify the boundaries between formal and informal caring in order to understand the hidden conflicts within community care and identify how formal care can meet the needs of lay careers more effectively.

Aged↗