A high titre "spontaneous" porcine FVIII inhibitor.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
A Levy
Publications and source records attributed to A Levy.
The effects of pituitary stalk transection, hypophysectomy and thyroid hormone status on insulin-like growth factor 2-, growth hormone releasing hormone-, and somatostatin mRNA prevalence in rat brain.
We have used in situ hybridization histochemistry to determine the effects of pituitary stalk transection, hypophysectomy and drug-induced changes in thyroid status on mRNA levels encoding insulin-like growth factor 2, somatostatin, and growth hormone-releasing factor in the choroid plexus, hypothalamic periventricular nucleus, and arcuate nucleus, respectively. Pituitary stalk transection and hypophysectomy in Sprague-Dawley rats decreased insulin-like growth factor 2 and somatostatin mRNA and increased growth hormone-releasing factor mRNA. In each case, the effect of hypophysectomy exceeded that of pituitary stalk transection. Treatment with propylthiouracil for 10 days decreased somatostatin mRNA, markedly increased growth hormone-releasing factor mRNA but had no significant effect on insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA. Treatment with triiodothyronine had no effect on the mRNAs measured. These findings corroborate the clinical observation of abnormal somatic growth in disturbances of thyroid and growth hormone status and provide further evidence of the effects of these metabolic disturbances and of pituitary disconnection and hypophysectomy on insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA prevalence.
Animals↗
[Resistance in uterine arcuate arteries of pregnant hypertensive patients].
Hypertensive pregnant women were examined by continuous Doppler-ultrasound to measure resistance to blood flow in the uterine arcuate arteries. 20/26 had increased resistance. Those with bilateral increased resistance delivered after a mean of 33.2 weeks of pregnancy, 46.1% of them by cesarean section, and the mean birthweight was 1743 g. Those with unilateral increased resistance delivered after a mean of 38.0 weeks, 28.5% by cesarean section, and the mean birthweight was 2813 g. Measurement of blood flow by the Doppler method seems to be useful in the management of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, as it helps to assess deficiency of the uterine circulation.
Arteries↗
Dynamic changes in cytokine secretion by stromal cells during prolonged maintenance under protein-free conditions.
Stromal cells of bone marrow origin produce a variety of known cytokines and some factors exhibiting apparently new biological activities. Several of these were identified by the study of cell to cell interactions and were not found in detectable amounts in media conditioned by the cells. We describe here a culture system that enables the release of stromal cytokines into medium free of any added proteins and supplemented with peptides from casein hydrolysate (0.1%). The absence of serum proteins allows extensive concentration and monitoring of activities that are otherwise undetectable. Stromal cells of the MBA-2.1 clonal cell line were seeded in a stationary bed reactor packed with a carrier of non-woven fabric matrix. After a proliferation phase with serum containing medium, the cells were maintained for over 10 months in protein-free medium. Throughout this extended incubation in the absence of serum or serum replacing proteins, stromal cells retained their viability and continuously released transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and restrictin-P, a cytotoxic factor that specifically arrested the growth of plasmacytoma cells. In addition, interleukin-6 (IL-6) was first undetectable, and later in culture its titer reached a maximum of 180,000 international units (IU)/ml. Concomitantly, the production of restrictin-P diminished and reached its lowest levels at the end of 10 months. The results may imply a possible causal relationship between the expression of IL-6 and restrictin-P, since no similarly significant changes were observed in the titers of M-CSF and TGF-beta. This novel bioreactor system may be adaptable for efficient production of different cytokines under absolute serum-free conditions.
Animals↗
Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of fetal scrotal inguinal hernia.
Fetal scrotal inguinal hernia was diagnosed at 33 weeks of pregnancy by ultrasonographic examination. Moving, echo-free, cystlike structures representing peristalsis within trapped loops of bowel in an abnormally enlarged scrotum were the main ultrasonographic finding. The diagnosis was confirmed post partum, and surgery was successfully carried out 4 days after delivery.
Female↗
Small repeated sequences and the structure of plant mitochondrial genomes.
The structure of plant mitochondrial genomes has proven to be complex and difficult to study. Recombination across large and small repeated sequences can result in genome diversity within individual plants, as well as rapid evolutionary change in genome structure. The role of these repeats is becoming more obvious as mitochondrial genomes are examined in detail.
DNA, Mitochondrial↗
Assignment of the human stromelysin 3 (STMY3) gene to the q11.2 region of chromosome 22.
The human stromelysin 3 (STMY3) gene, a new member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene family, may contribute to breast cancer cell invasion, and has been localized by in situ hybridization to the long arm of chromosome 22. As demonstrated using a panel of somatic cell hybrids, the STMY3 gene is in band 22q11.2, in close proximity to the BCR gene involved in chronic myeloid leukemia, but far from the (11;22) translocation breakpoint observed in Ewing sarcoma. This position differs from that reported on chromosomes 11 and 16 for the other MMP genes, suggesting that stromelysin 3 could be a member of a new MMP subfamily.
Breast Neoplasms↗
A new mode for heme-heme interactions in hemoglobin associated with distal perturbations.
The distal side of the heme pocket, known to regulate ligand affinity, is shown to be directly involved in subunit interactions. Valency hybrids with oxygen or carbon monoxide bound to the reduced chain are used to model R-state hemoglobin with different distal perturbations. Electron paramagnetic resonance of the oxidized chains shows that the carbon monoxide perturbation is transmitted between subunits to the distal histidine and the oxidized iron center. A comparison of hybrids with only one type of chain oxidized and hybrids with a single alpha beta dimer oxidized is consistent with this perturbation being transmitted across the alpha 1 beta 1 interface. This represents a new mode of subunit interactions in hemoglobin.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy↗
Effects of antipsychotic drugs on memory functions of schizophrenic patients.
In this research we investigated the effects of 4 antipsychotic drugs with different anticholinergic components on different memory functions of schizophrenic patients. Drugs were administered in cumulative doses and memory was tested 90 min after each drug was administered. The results show that chlorpromazine and thioridazine impaired short-term verbal memory after 6 h of sequential administration. Trifluoperazine and haloperidol improved short-term verbal memory from the third to the fifth administration. Immediate memory, long-term memory and visual short-term memory were not impaired by any drug.
Adult↗
Low cerebellar metabolism in medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia.
Because of the frequent association of cerebellar structural defects with schizophrenia, the authors reanalyzed the metabolic brain images of patients with chronic schizophrenia to assess if they had abnormalities in cerebellar metabolism. They used carbon-11-2-deoxyglucose and positron emission tomography to study 18 medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia and 12 normal comparison subjects. Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly lower absolute and relative metabolism in the cerebellum than normal subjects.
Adult↗
Growth hormone-releasing hormone transcripts in human pituitary adenomas.
We have investigated the possibility that local production of GHRH within the adenohypophysis could be an aetiological factor in the development of human pituitary somatotroph and other tumours. We examined 51 human pituitary adenomas for GHRH transcripts using in situ hybridization histochemistry. GHRH transcripts were identified in 13 of 17 somatotroph adenomas, 4 of 10 corticotrophs, 1 of 6 lactotrophs and 1 of 18 endocrinologically inactive adenomas. In 11 GHRH-expressing somatotroph adenomas, SRIH transcripts were also identified. In all cases except one (a corticotroph adenoma) the average number of GHRH transcripts exceeded that found in the arcuate nucleus of simultaneously hybridized rat brain sections. In some pituitary adenomas, GHRH transcripts were clearly localized to a discrete subpopulation of cells and in these, the amount of GHRH mRNA per cell was comparable to that found in the GHRH-expressing cells of the rat arcuate nucleus. Although we have not directly demonstrated an association between the two, the identification of localized, high level GHRH gene expression in somatotroph adenomas suggests that GHRH may have a role in pituitary adenoma formation.
Adenoma↗
Weight loss attempts in adults: goals, duration, and rate of weight loss.
OBJECTIVES: Although attempted weight loss is common, little is known about the goals and durations of weight loss attempts and the rates of achieved weight loss in the general population. METHODS: Data were collected by telephone in 1989 from adults aged 18 years and older in 39 states and the District of Columbia. Analyses were carried out separately for the 6758 men and 14,915 women who reported currently trying to lose weight. RESULTS: Approximately 25% of the men respondents and 40% of the women respondents reported that they were currently trying to lose weight. Among men, a higher percentage of Hispanics (31%) than of Whites (25%) or Blacks (23%) reported trying to lose weight. Among women, however, there were no ethnic differences in prevalence. The average man wanted to lose 30 pounds and to weigh 178 pounds; the average woman wanted to lose 31 pounds and to weigh 133 pounds. Black women wanted to lose an average of 8 pounds more than did White women, but Black women's goal weight was 10 pounds heavier. The average rate of achieved weight loss was 1.4 pounds per week for men and 1.1 pounds per week for women; these averages, however, may reflect only the experience of those most successful at losing weight. CONCLUSIONS: Attempted weight loss is a common behavior, regardless of age, gender, or ethnicity, and weight loss goals are substantial; however, obesity remains a major public health problem in the United States.
Adolescent↗
New Israeli psychiatric legislation.
For about 35 years, the 1955 Mental Act served as the main legal tool applied in the treatment of admitted patients in Israel. The law was wearing out, although 'patched up' repeatedly, and could no longer express 'the spirit of the times'. After many vicissitudes, a new Mental Act was implemented in 1991. The various areas dealt with in the new law are described and discussed. Special attention is focused on two issues: patients' rights and the decisions pertaining to enforced examination, hospitalization and treatment.
Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
[The day-care unit as a framework for successful community rehabilitation].
Due to rapid advances in psychiatric treatment, increased sophistication of welfare services, and increasing life expectancy, the number of psychiatric patients is increasing rapidly. Many of them do not have the necessary adaptive capacity to deal satisfactorily with their daily functions, such as housework, financial arrangements, and medical treatment. These patients could be assisted in day-care treatment units. We present the ideology and the different models of psychiatric day-care units which are becoming widely used in treatment, especially for rehabilitation of chronic mental patients.
Chronic Disease↗
Labeling and stigma in psychiatric misdiagnosis.
Labeling and stigma in mental disorders occupy a central place in both mental health theory and practice. Some of the problems involved in making psychiatric diagnoses are reviewed. A case description is presented, demonstrating the dangers and complications of labeling and stigma. The irreversibility of labeling and stigma in psychiatric misdiagnosis is emphasized and discussed.
Decision Making↗
Autoxidation of hemoglobin enhanced by dissociation into dimers.
Autoxidation as a function of hemoglobin concentration indicates a 17-fold increase in the rate of autoxidation from 0.25 (%/h) to 4.3 (%/h) when tetrameric oxyhemoglobin dissociates into dimers. As a result of this large enhancement, a contribution of dissociation to the autoxidation is evident even at relatively high concentrations of hemoglobin for which it is usually considered that dissociation can be neglected. The mechanism for this phenomenon is attributed to alterations in the ligand pocket which occur when constraints due to subunit contacts within the R-state are eliminated.
Erythrocytes↗