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A Limentani

Publications and source records attributed to A Limentani.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

Neglected fathers in the aetiology and treatment of sexual deviations.

Current researches in sexual deviations have rightly stressed deficiencies and faults in the mother/child relationship, fears of annihilation and an inability to achieve separation and independence. As a result of this the role of the father in the patient's family structure and in their psychotherapies and psychoanalyses has been somewhat neglected, also because the fathers are usually described as cold, distant, uninvolved, etc. The author believes that the obliteration of the father figure, whether accidental or deliberate, is an important part of the psychopathology. It follows that in the late stages of a therapy there should be a careful examination of the original establishment of the father as a second object, as its internalization is essential for a healthy sexual development. The obliteration of the father figure can cause serious problems in terms of the understanding of the transference and countertransference. The paper includes a clinical description of a case where such problems were much in evidence.

Countertransference

The differential diagnosis of homosexuality.

The treatment of homosexuality presents serious difficulties owing to its multifactorial aetiology and variety of psychopathological views. It is suggested that the combined use of psychiatric and psychoanalytic models can contribute to the establishment of a satisfactory differential diagnosis. Out of the innumerable clinical types seen in practice and described in the literature, three major groups can be isolated. The homosexuality which occurs on the background of hysterical, obsessional and other neurotic personality types and related psychiatric conditions, tends to be linked with latent heterosexuality and responds well to all forms of psychotherapy. On the other hand, true homosexuality is often the major presenting symptom of borderline states, narcissistic disorders, psychopathy and the schizo-affective psychoses and carries an unfavourable prognosis with any form of treatment. Cases of actual bisexuality form the third group with its own specific psychopathology. The homosexual solution is seen as a defence and is regarded as a matter of survival for many individuals. It should be treated with the utmost caution by anyone who attempts to remove it.

Character

Object choice and actual bisexuality.

Actual bisexuality is to be distinguished from homosexuality in a latent state and from conscious bisexual fantasies. Contemporary social changes have caused an increased demand for help for those men and women capable of engaging in protracted heterosexual and homosexual relations. Among such people narcissistic and borderline states are common. Clinical material is presented in some detail. The author suggests that the condition is associated with a tendency to be caught up between the anaclitic and narcissistic types of object choice. The concurrent involvement with a male and female love object against a background of pseudogenitality creates the illusory appearance of two objects being involved, covering up the fact that there is splitting of the original love object together with severe preoedipal disturbance.

Adult