Intellectual development, speech and school performance of preterm infants with birth weight appropriate for gestational age are reported in two separate investigations: a longitudinal study of 97 preterm children and 93 term children as a control group, and a cross-sectional study of 249 preterm children. Both preterm groups were regarded as high risk groups with respect to number of outborns, distribution of gestational age and perinatal risk factors. Intellectual outcome at 5 and 7 years of age in the majority of the preterm children was comparable to that of the term children. However, 8% of the preterm boys and 2% of the preterm girls achieved lower IQ scores than any of the term children. Between 15% and 17% of the preterm boys and 9%-12% of the preterm girls did not attend school at grade level, compared to 4% and 2% in the term group, respectively. Intellectual and neurological development and school performance were higher interrelated in the preterm than in the term children. Articulation defects, stuttering and dysgrammatism occurred more frequently in the preterm than in the term children and in boys more so than in girls.

Achievement↗

PubMed1989

Significance of prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors in the development of AGA preterm infants at five to seven years.

The effects of prenatal, perinatal and postnatal events on developmental outcome at five to seven years of preterm infants with birthweights appropriate for gestational age were investigated in two separate cohorts: one a longitudinal study of 97 infants, the other a cross-sectional study of 249 infants. Among the prenatal variables, the number of minor congenital anomalies was negatively correlated with neurological development, as was the deformation score. The pregnancy optimality score was not significantly related to outcome. Among the perinatal variables, gestational age and birthweight had some significant correlations with development, but birth and neonatal optimality scores were only inconsistently significant in relation to outcome. Socio-economic status was strongly related to language and intellectual development. Infants with gestations of 32 to 36 weeks had a more favourable neurological and intellectual outcome than those born before 32 weeks: however, the former group comprised about 80 per cent of the population studied, so the majority of children with lower function were found in that group.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed1986

Sixty children with congenital hypothyroidism detected by neonatal thyroid: mental development at 1, 4, and 7 years: a longitudinal study.

A prospective study of mental development has been carried out in 60 unselected children with congenital hypothyroidism (C.H.) detected between 1976 and February 1985. Treatment with 1-thyroxin was initiated at the age of 10.4 +/- 2.5 days and supervised by T4 and TSH monitoring in 3-6 monthly intervals. Although clinical signs were mild or missing, skeletal maturation was prenatal in more than half. Developmental testing was carried out at 1, 4 and 7 years by the Brunet-Lezine (n = 60), the non-verbal Snijders-Oomen (n = 40), and the german version of the Wechsler intelligence test (n = 20), respectively. The global DQ/IQ in all but a few children at each age group are within the 3rd and 97th percentile of the DQ/IQ distribution in a control group tested during the same period of time. The mean values of all global and subscores, however, are lower than that one in the control group, differences being highly significant at 1 year. In 21 of our 60 children, associated findings and/or risk factors were present. The DQ/IQ in children without risk factors are identical to that of the control group. There are no significant DQ/IQ differences neither between athyroidism and ectopic thyroid glands, nor between prenatal bone age and normal skeletal maturation at diagnosis. We assume that the favourable results in our children with C.H. may be ascribed to the early onset of thyroid hormone replacement and the strictly controlled compliance.

Aging↗

PubMed1985

Chlorpropamide alcohol flushing at high chlorpropamide dose is not specific for non-insulin dependent diabetes.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Representations of ECG--late potentials in the time frequency plane.

It is shown that time frequency signal analysis could be a useful technique in detecting late potentials (LP). In particular, the spectrogram, the Wigner distribution and the wavelet transform have been applied to ECG signals from patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia. Comparisons of the three algorithms reveals that much better time localization is achieved by the wavelet transform. Moreover, it is concluded that a separation between healthy subjects and patients could be obtained based upon time frequency analysis.

Action Potentials↗