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Biomedical subjects

A Lippman

Publications and source records attributed to A Lippman.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Fetal death rates in mothers of children with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).

Women under 25 years at the birth of a child with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) appear to have an increased risk of having another child with a trisomy. If the risk of recurrence is due solely to an increased production of trisomic conceptions, women with an affected child should have a rate of spontaneous abortion higher than average, since the majority of aneuploid conceptuses are expected to be aborted. We examined fetal loss rates among the other pregnancies of 545 women delivered of a child with trisomy 21 and compared the observed loss rates with those which would be expected were the relative risk for these women for an aneuploid recognized pregnancy the same as their relative risk for an aneuploid livebirth as reported by others. Overall loss rates in their prior pregnancies were greatest for women who were 20-24 years old at the time of birth of the proband. Moreover, the observed rate of fetal loss for this group of women (33.8%) was at least as high as that predicted from their relative risk for a trisomic livebirth. By contrast, the observed fetal loss rates for women 25-39 years of age at the proband's birth did not differ from the rates predicted on the assumption that their risk for a trisomic recognized pregnancy was not increased, as the livebirth data suggested. The results of this study suggest that women under 25 years at the birth of a child with trisomy 21 have a significantly higher rate of fetal loss in their prior pregnancies than women delivered of the trisomic child at older ages.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1984

Fetal cephalometry by ultrasound as a screening procedure for the prenatal detection of Down's syndrome.

Infants and children with Down's syndrome have a cephalic index (ratio of biparietal to occipitofrontal diameter) higher than that in normal children. To determine whether this difference is present and detectable by ultrasound measurement of the second-trimester fetal head, we calculated the cephalic indices for 308 normal fetuses and eight fetuses with a 47, +21 karyotype. The mean cephalic index in the fetuses with Down's syndrome (0.829, SD 0.033) was indistinguishable from that in the normal fetuses (0.825, SD 0.042). These data suggest that the documented difference in mean cephalic index between liveborn children with Down's syndrome and normal control children is not detectable in the mid-gestation fetus and that ultrasound cephalometry alone is unlikely to discriminate reliably between normal and affected fetuses.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Mechanism of induction of cytochrome P-450 by phenobarbital.

Treatment of rats with phenobarbital (PB) leads to a substantial increase in the hepatic levels of translatable polysomal poly(A) + cytochrome P-450 mRNA. An enriched fraction of P-450 mRNA was obtained by agarose gel electrophoresis and used to prepare a cDNA probe by differential hybridization to total mRNA from control and PB-treated rats. The majority of the sequences within the probe hybridized to recombinant DNA plasmids which contained a bona fide P-450 cDNA insert identified by positive hybridization selection and in vitro translation. The cDNA probe was used to demonstrate that PB treatment leads to a 30-fold increase in polysomal P-450 mRNA, which is not due to more efficient utilization of previously existing mRNA but to the appearance of new messenger in the cytoplasm. The induction of cytoplasmic P-450 mRNA by PB was rapid, with increases detected within 3 h of PB injection and steady state levels reached in approximately 20 h. The data suggest that the increase in cytoplasmic P-450 protein levels observed after PB treatment may be totally accounted for by an enhanced rate of synthesis resulting from translation of higher cytoplasmic levels of its specific mRNA. The P-450 mRNA was almost exclusively segregated into the membrane-bound polysome compartment was expected for an mRNA coding for an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Estrogen production as a tumor marker in patients with gonadotropin-producing neoplasms.

Urinary estradiol production rates, plasma estradiol, and peripheral conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) to estradiol were explored in patients whose neoplasms made human chorionic gonadotropin and/or human chorionic gonadotropin beta fragments. In five men with choriocarcinoma, estradiol production was elevated, plasma estradiol was high, and DHEAS conversion to estradiol ranged from 0.5 to 11.7%. In six patients with "ectopic" gonadotropin-producing tumors, originating from lung, stomach, and liver, estradiol production was elevated to a lesser degree. Sera from 154 of 864 patients (16.8%) with a wide variety of advanced neoplastic disorders were noted to have minimal elevations of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit in their sera but had normal luteinizing hormone assays. Plasma estradiol levels in these patients were not elevated, and in only one of ten patients studied was there slight elevation of the estradiol production rate. Similarly, in only one of ten patients was there measurable conversion of DHEAS to estradiol. We conclude that, in patients whose neoplastic disorders are associated with major elevations of human chorionic gonadotropin, there is concordant extragonadal production of estradiol via DHEAS, presumably representing an associated trophoblastic function. However, estrogen production is not a sensitive tumor marker in those patients whose neoplasms are associated with minimal elevations of human chorionic gonadotropin beta fragments only.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of the telephone in providing prenatal care.

To assess the role of telephone services in the health care of pregnant women, we evaluated the pregnancy healthline, Info-Grossesse (IG). We assessed the population of users, the reasons for their use, their reactions to the program, and their willingness to participate in follow-up surveys. During a 44-month period, there were 3,589 calls from women who were (or thought they were) pregnant. Overall, about half the calls related to teratogen information services, whereas the other half were for more general pregnancy-related information. Although women calling about medications were slightly older than the others, there were no major differences between groups defined by the primary reason for a call. Overall, about 17% of calls required a referral for formal risk counseling, with referrals most likely for calls about medications. Based on responses to a satisfaction questionnaire completed by over 80% of those asked to participate, IG decreased concerns for and answered all the questions of about three quarters of the respondents. Over 85% of eligible callers provided information on the outcome of their pregnancies, indicating that collecting these follow-up data is an acceptable and feasible program component. This study suggests that a pregnancy healthline such as IG can reach women worried about their pregnancies and that it can, thereby, reduce adverse conditions of pregnancy associated with "unnecessary" concerns or "inappropriate" use of services.

Adult↗