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Biomedical subjects

A Litwin

Publications and source records attributed to A Litwin.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

3-Hydroxymethyl-s-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine, a novel urinary hydralazine metabolite in man.

The elucidation of the structure of a new major metabolic product of hydralazine, 3-hydroxymethyl-s-triazolo[3,4-a]-phthalazine, is described. The structures of several other previously described metabolites of the drug, phthalazone, s-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine, and 3-methyl-s-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine, are confirmed. A metabolic pathway of hydralazine is also proposed.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Peripheral blood lymphocyte response to phytomitogens in systemic lupus erythematosus.

The response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to the phytomitogens, PHA, Con A, and PWM, was evaluated in 30 SLE patients and in 30 age, sex, and race-matched controls using dose and time responses. The proliferative response to the three phytomitogens was not depressed in this group of subacute and chronic SLE patients. Active lupus nephritis and a slow acetylator phenotype were associated with a decreased lymphocyte response. The incidence of a slow acetylator phenotype in spontaneous SLE was 68%. In interpreting the lymphocyte response to phytomitogens, the importance of a clear definition of the SLE group under study, the activity of the disease, and treatment status are emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Induction of antibodies to nuclear antigens in rabbits by immunization with hydralazine-human serum albumin conjugates.

The antihypertensive drug hydralazine can induce in man a syndrome similar to spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The pathogenesis of this drug-induced syndrome is not understood. In this investigation, five groups of rabbits were studied: group I, 10 rabbits hyperimmunized with hydralazine conjugated to human serum albumin (HSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA); group II, four rabbits with HSA in CFA; group III, four rabbits with CFA alone; group IV, five rabbits with hydralazine conjugated to rabbit serum albumin (RSA); and group V, four rabbits with a major metabolite of hydralazine conjugated to HSA. The rabbits immunized with hydralazine-HSA developed rising titers of antibodies to hydralazine and progressively increasing amounts of antibodies to both single-stranded and native DNA. The antibodies to DNA were cross-reactive with hydralazine as determined by inhibition of DNA binding and DNA hemagglutination tests. Similar results were obtained in rabbits immunized with the metabolite-HSA compound except the major hapten antibody response was to the metabolite. The DNA antibodies in this group were also capable of being absorbed by metabolite-HSA as well as hydralazine-HSA, indicative of the cross-reactivity between hydralazine and its metabolite. Immunization with hydralazine-RSA caused rabbits to produce antibodies to hydralazine but not to DNA, indicating the requirement for an immune response to the carrier protein in order for antibodies reactive with DNA to be produced. Thus, hyperimmunization of rabbits with hydralazine-protein conjugates may provide a useful animal model of SLE. The data suggests that an immune response to hydralazine may be important in human hydralazine-induced SLE.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Cellular immunity to nuclear antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Cellular immune repsonses were determined by skin testing and mitogen- and antigen-induced blastic transformation of peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures in 24 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 24 normal subjects. The incidence of positive skin tests with Candida albicans, PPD (tuberculin-purified protein derivative) intermediate strength, Trichophyton and histoplasmin was not significantly different in the two groups nor was lymphocyte stimulation by the mitogen phytohemagglutinin-M (PHA-M), implying that cellular immunity is normal in SLE. However, the SLE patients had a significantly increased incidence of positive skin tests and stimulated lymphocyte cultures to a number of nuclear antigens compared with normal subjects. No correlation could be made between the test results and the activity of the SLE at the time of study except for a significant association between lymphocyte culture stimulation by rabbit thymus native DNA and active SLE nephritis. Patients with a membranous antinuclear factor (ANF) pattern had positive skin tests with rabbit thymus native DNA and usually had active disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood-stained maternal milk: prevalence, characteristics and counselling.

Blood-stained maternal milk at delivery and during lactation was prospectively studied in 7774 livebirths over a period of 2 years (1986-1988). Eight mothers had this atypical breast discharge, a prevalence rate of 1:971 livebirths (0.1%). The characteristics of this phenomenon were: early appearance (frequently a short time after delivery), with normal bacteriologic and cytologic investigations, disappearance in 2 to 5 days, without adverse effects on the mothers and their babies, no recurrence after cessation, and occurrence in the previous pregnancies (3 of the 5 multipara). As a result, the best policy is to reassure the parents about the benign and transient course of this condition and to recommend continuation of breast feeding.

Blood↗