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Biomedical subjects

A Lobo

Publications and source records attributed to A Lobo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Anxiety scales and Goldberg's depression: an efficient interview guide for the detection of psychologic distress].

OBJECTIVES: Validation of Goldberg's Anxiety and Depression scales in our settings. DESIGN: Transverse study. Two phases screening at population previously stratified and randomly allocated. SITE. National Health Institute's Primary Care Centres at the city of Zaragoza. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: 444 patients, aged 19 and older, who attend their general practitioner for a new episode of illness. The sample has been previously stratified by sex and age. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At the first stage the sample has been studied with a Health Survey consisting of a variety of sound validity (General Health Questionnaire-28 items version, spanish version of Folstein's mini Mental Status Examination, CAGE and another drug and over the counter products screening questionnaire) and the new scales, that we attempt to validate. At the second stage "the possible cases" chosen at the first phase and 10% of possible non cases are assessed with a comprehensive Psychiatric Interview: EPEP (Standardized Polyvalent Psychiatric Interview). CONCLUSIONS: The new scales E.A.D.G. have supported their validity for the screening of the most prevalent psychiatric disturbances in primary care settings. Their validity for the screening of the most prevalent psychiatric disturbances in primary care settings. They have outstanding and promising advantages when compared to traditional methods: brevity, simplicity, discriminatory ability between anxiety and depression and usefulness as an interview guideline.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A new interview for the multiaxial assessment of psychiatric morbidity in medical settings.

A new semistructured instrument, the Standardized Polyvalent Psychiatric Interview or SPPI has been developed primarily for assessing medical patients. It has been built on the Clinical Interview Schedule and is intended to evaluate individuals in a multiaxial schema: psychopathology, including duration and severity of disorder; somatic disturbance; social problems and social supports: and pre-morbid personality, with special emphasis on 'neuroticism'. The SPPI generates enough information to allow the use of different research diagnostic criteria, including DSM-III-R, ICD-10 and Goldberg's criteria of 'attribution' of somatic symptoms and 'relationships between psychiatric and physical disorder'. It also includes a section related to recommended treatment. The new interview fulfils standards of feasibility, face and content validity. An incomplete block design, inter-rater reliability study was carried out with a consecutive sample of 48 out-patients referred to the Psychosomatic-Liaison Service of the University Hospital of Zaragoza. A broad range of agreement coefficients were calculated, the results being quite acceptable (most kappas are in the range from 0.7 to 0.9) and tending to support the procedural validity of the interview.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Cross-cultural comparison of depression and depressive symptoms in older people.

This article presents data on the prevalence of depression and the profile of depressive symptoms in 2 groups of people aged 65 and over: 1070 living in Liverpool, United Kingdom, and 1080 living in Zaragoza, Spain. Similar prevalence figures were found for women (Liverpool first); 14.2% vs 14.8% and, for men, 7.2% vs 6.2%. No age differences were found. The figures are lower than those found using similar methods in London and New York, but higher than those from Iceland. The article also compares the profile of depressive symptoms between Liverpool and Zaragoza and explains these by reference to social and cultural differences.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The prevalence of dementia among elderly people living in Zaragoza and Liverpool.

The prevalence of dementia in elderly people living in the community was compared using data from Zaragoza (Spain) and Liverpool (UK). A standardized interview, the Geriatric Mental State (GMS), was administered to a random sample of 1070 persons in Liverpool and 1080 in Zaragoza. Using diagnoses derived from the GMS-AGECAT package we found no significant difference between the prevalence of dementia in Zaragoza (7.4%) and Liverpool (5.0%). The expected increase in prevalence with age was found, but the two cities did not appear to differ in the relationship between age and prevalence. No sex difference was apparent, and the two cities do not differ in the relationship between sex and prevalence.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The synthesis and function of the Escherichia coli hemolysin and related RTX exotoxins.

The RTX group of exotoxins represents a branch of a family of exoproteins produced by Gram-negative bacteria which share the properties of being secreted by a leader-independent pathway and a tandemly-repeated nine-amino-acid sequence that is responsible for calcium binding. The Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA) is the prototype for the RTX exotoxin family which includes the leukotoxins of Pasteurella haemolytica and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and hemolysins from four Gram-negative genera. A review of the genetics, synthesis, export and target cell reactivity of the E. coli hemolysin is given. An evolutionary tree of the RTX toxin family based on amino acid sequence similarity is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Incidence of dementia and other psychiatric conditions in the elderly: Zaragoza Study.

A prevalence study of dementia and other psychiatric disturbances in the geriatric population of Zaragoza, Spain, has been completed. Our group is now planning an incidence study. The design comprises a baseline study (cross-sectional study of prevalence) and a follow-up 2 years later of the cohort of non-demented elderly. Both studies have two phases: the first one for screening, and the second one for the clinical diagnosis. We use the Spanish versions of the Geriatric Mental State GMS-AGECAT package, the History and Aetiology Schedule (HAS) and the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) as screening instruments. For the final diagnosis, a full protocol will be used, and the demented cases will be diagnosed according to DSM-IIIR, ICD-10 and Project Criteria. A case-control study of incident cases of dementia will be incorporated into the follow-up. Other methodological issues are analyzed.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The AGECAT "organic" section as a screening instrument for minor cognitive deficits.

In the context of increasing concern in occidental countries about dementing diseases in the geriatric population, an epidemiological study has been done in the city of Zaragoza, Spain. The sample, randomly selected from the census, was stratified by age and sex and included 1,134 elderly (aged 65 plus years) living in the community. In phase I, lay interviewers administered the Spanish versions of the Geriatric Mental State (GMS) and Mini-Mental Status Examination to the elderly. The individuals were considered to be "probable cases" on the basis of GMS "global" scores previously reported to be valid. These "probable cases" were then examined in phase II by standardized psychiatrists using both, the GMS and MEC, but also the History and Aetiology Schedule (HAS). A proportion of "probable normals" were also examined by the psychiatrists to assess the validity of the screening procedure in the community. The identified "cases" of dementia and "cases" of depression were then studied by the neurologists in what we call phase III. Specific project criteria for dementia were used but, in fact, all identified "cases" of dementia fulfilled DSM-III criteria. Some data of the application of the AGECAT computer program in both, phase I and phase II are now reported. The different severity levels of cognitive deficits according to AGECAT criteria are compared with clinical criteria. The advantages and disadvantages of the computer program in the detection of minor cognitive difficulties are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Managing the dyspeptic patient: experience of a single-visit dyspepsia clinic.

During a one-year period, 206 of 245 patients referred directly to a single-visit dyspepsia clinic underwent gastroscopy after clinical consultation. Endoscopic findings enabled diagnosis in the majority and no complications occurred. In 12 patients with positive endoscopies there was an unrelated clinical diagnosis, and 23 with normal endoscopies had organic disease. Such a clinic has advantages both for patients in providing single-visit diagnosis and management for the majority, and for the hospital in reducing the load on outpatient services. Prior consultation may prevent both unwarranted use of endoscopy facilities and inappropriate diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Emotional disturbances in endocrine patients. Validity of the scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).

The 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) has been validated against the criterion of the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS) in Spanish patients in hospital with several types of endocrinological illnesses. The screening instrument correctly identified 91 of 100 respondents as exhibiting psychiatric disorder. The questionnaire's efficacy was similar at the time of medical discharge, when the rate of disorder was significantly lower. Significant correlations were found between GHQ total scores and endocrine blood measures in Addison's disease, and in Type I diabetes. The four subscales of the GHQ sum to provide additional information concerning somatic symptoms and anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Validity of the scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in a Spanish population.

This study confirms the validity of a Spanish version of the General Health Questionnaire in its scaled 28-item version. The screening instrument was tested on a sample of 100 patients attending an internal medicine out-patient clinic, who were examined independently by psychiatrists standardized in the use of the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS). The questionnaire correctly identified 85% of 'cases' with a cutting score of 6/7 (sensitivity 76.9%, specificity 90.2%), and 83% of cases with a cutting score of 5/6 (sensitivity 84.6%, specificity 82%), suggesting a discriminative power almost as good as the Spanish GHQ-60. It has the important advantage of being considerably shorter and, although the 4 subscales are by no means independent, its concurrent validity with CIS ratings suggests that they provide additional information concerning anxiety and depression.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1980

Lysozyme production by a granuloma in vivo: output in blood and lymph in relation to ultrastructure and immunochemistry.

The output of lysozyme into the venous and lymphatic drainage of a B.C.G. experimental granuloma has been studied. There is a massive output of lysozyme by both routes maximal in the lymph at 28 days, and in the serum at 35 days after induction of the granuloma. There is no similar excretion of acid phosphatase. The lactic dehydrogenase level both in blood draining the granuloma and blood draining the normal limb is elevated but not in precise synchrony with lysozyme output. Macrophages in the granuloma show ultrastructural features suggestive of secretion of dense granules, by appearance of electron dense material in the Golgi zone, and condensation therefrom. Granules are discharged on to the surface of lipid droplets, presumably representing attempted phagocytosis, but are not discharged elsewhere on the cell surface. Granules are released by cell disintegration both of macrophages and polymorphs. Lysozyme was demonstrated immunocytochemically in macrophage granules. The macrophages in the granuloma are biosynthetically active as shown by uptake of tritiated tyrosine. The findings support the view that granulomas export lysozyme and that this is due partly to exocytosis of material by macrophages on to the surface of lipid globules and partly to cell disintegration.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1978

Papilledema following therapeutic dosages of lithium carbonate.

A patient with diagnosis of manic-depressive illness, circular type, and receiving therapeutic dosages of lithium carbonate, developed papilledema that seemed to be directly related to the drug. Although this is an extremely rare complication, the authors suggest that fundal exams may be considered in patients treated with lithium.

Adult↗