[Gas chromatography of linoleic acid in the serum of patients with multiple injuries].
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Chromatography, Gas↗
Biomedical subjects
A Lohninger
Publications and source records attributed to A Lohninger.
[Lung phospholipids and lung function in experimental post-traumatic events].
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Animals↗
Changes in essential fatty acids in plasma lipid fractions of traumatized patients.
Changes in the fatty acid pattern of plasma lipid in four different groups of polytraumatized patients were investigated. All of the patients received amino acid solutions containing 0.24 gN/day/kg body weight and 30 kal/day/kg body weight (BW). In group 1, all calories were administered as carbohydrates (glucose and fructose). In group 2, 30 to 40% of the calories were provided as a fat emulsion. When compared to the control group, a reduction in the essential fatty acid concentration in the phospholipid fraction was detected in both groups during the early post-traumatic period. In group 1, a continuous decline was observed during the remainder of the trial period. In group 2, however, the concentration of essential fatty acids remained constant after the initial decline and increased slightly from the 7th day on. In the second part of the investigation, the effect of human growth hormone (HGH) administration on the fatty acid pattern was evaluated. Group 3 and 4 received intravenous feedings identical to the patients in group 2; in group 4, however, 10 mg of HGH per day were added to the infusion. The results of this study confirm the hypothesis that supplemental infusion of a fat emulsion prevents a continuous reduction of essential fatty acids in plasma lipids. An effect of 10 mg/day of HGH on essential fatty acid concentration or composition, however, could not be observed. There were no detectable differences in the percentage of essential fatty acids between those patients receiving and those not receiving HGH.
Adult↗
[Dynamic measurement of surface tension versus gas chromatography dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine analysis of amniotic fluid; a comparison of a bedside method with a highly specialized surfactant analysis].
The diagnosis of fetal lung maturity by analysis of the amniotic fluid still constitutes a present-day problem. In this study the results of measuring the dynamic surface tension by the Wilhelmy-balance were compared with the DPPC (Dipalmitoyl-Phosphatidyl-Choline) and lecithin species-analysis by the quantitative capillary gas chromatography. The first possibility is a "bed-side"-method, which evaluates the effect of the surfactant in the amniotic fluid in its entirety, whereas the second method represents a highly specialized laboratory procedure analysing the most important part of surfactant contact. The surface tension of amniotic fluid is expressed by its value at 20% of the extension of the surface (gamma-min) as well as the hysteresis area. We were able to show a better correlation between the hysteresis area and the DPPC (r = 0.422, p less than 0.012) than between the gamma min and the DPPC (r = 0.370, p less than 0.031). The correlation between the hysteresis area respectively between the gamma-min, and the second gas chromatographically detectable component of the surfactant, PC 30 was not so distinct (r = 0.068, p less than 0.744; R = -0.355, p less than 0.075). Obviously this component of the surfactant is not as active on the surface and therefore not as important. Further we could show, a negative correlation to the lecithin species PC 34; with increasing surface activity and increasing lung maturity this lecithin species quantitatively recedes into the background.
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗
[Carnitine levels in pregnancy].
Carnitine (trimethylamino-hydroxy butyric acid) is present in all living cells. It is necessary for the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria and for other metabolic functions of the cell. Studies in various animal species have demonstrated a transfer of carnitine from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy. Recent studies reported decreased carnitine levels at term, but little is known on carnitine levels during various stages of human gestation. Therefore it was interesting to measure the blood carnitine status during normal human pregnancy from early stages up to term, including analyses of umbilical cord blood of the newborn. The results show a gradually decreasing carnitine level in maternal plasma, a sharp decline within the 1st trimester was followed by a much slower but highly significant decrease in the 2nd and 3rd trimester. In whole blood carnitine levels are decreasing, too. The continuous decrease of the portion of plasma carnitine in whole blood is correlated with a higher carnitine concentration in the blood cells. Together these results might indicate an increased need of carnitine during pregnancy. Therefore the clinical application of carnitine not only to provide a respiratory distress syndrome should be examined.
Blood Cells↗
[Pharmacological influences on fetal lung maturity, part V: Influencing the pulmonary DPL (dipalmitoyl lecithin) level with L-thyroxin (T4)].
Dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPL = DPPC, dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline) is both quantitatively and functionally the most important constituent of the surfactant complex. The effect of thyroxin (T4) on fetal lung maturity was investigated by means of selective DPL determination. Following administration of thyroxin to the mother animal an increase in the DPPC content was demonstrated in rat fetuses. This increase was greater than that of the total phospholipids. This effect of thyroxin could be due to the following causes: 1, Earlier and accelerated differentiation of lung cells: more Type II cells are formed earlier and these synthesize DPPC more effectively than other lung cells (approx. 40-50% of the phosphocoline in Type II cells in DPPC). 2. Stimulation of the deacylation-reacylation cycle. 3. A combination of these mechanisms.
Amniotic Fluid↗
[L-carnitine-betamethasone combination therapy versus betamethasone therapy alone in prevention of respiratory distress syndrome].
In this prospective randomised study the effects of antenatal treatment with a low dose betamethasone (2 mg/1 day)-L-carnitine (4 g/5 days) combination were compared with those of a high dose betamethasone, given alone (8 mg/2 days) on the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and mortality in preterm infants. One-hundred women entering the trial gave birth to 109 liveborn infants, 55 in the betamethasone group (A), 54 in the betamethasone-L-carnitine combination group (B). Eight of the 55 (14.5%) infants in group A developed RDS, four of the 54 (7.3%) in group B, which was significantly more (p < 0.05), although in group B the betamethasone dose was dramatically reduced. The mortality also was significantly lower after treatment with a betamethasone-L-carnitine combination compared to betamethasone alone (4 of 55 infants or 7.3% in group A versus 1 of 54 infants or 1.8% in group B, p < 0.05). The present results demonstrate that in combination with L-carnitine, the betamethasone dose is markedly reducible with a concomitant significant reduction of the incidence of RDS and mortality of premature newborns.
Betamethasone↗