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Biomedical subjects

A Longatto Filho

Publications and source records attributed to A Longatto Filho.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Cytometric investigations of bladder irrigation/washing and voided urine.

Several studies have shown that cytometry, including DNA analysis, gives valuable information on the grade and stage of bladder cancer when performed on cytological preparations obtained from urine. Although, cytometry should not be used as a screening tool, it has a role in the follow-up of patients with a previous history of superficial bladder cancer. In this group of patients, the combination of cytological examination with cytometric evaluation allows the detection of the majority of recurrent tumors. In patients treated with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, the presence or the appearance of an aneuploid cell population is a good indication of tumor recurrence or progression. A variety of wet laboratory immunoassays, on-slide immunoassays, in situ hybridization procedures and post-nucleic acid extraction molecular techniques have been designed to complement cytology and cytometry and to improve the overall sensitivity and specificity of the detection of recurrent urothelial neoplasia.

Cytological Techniques↗
PubMed2001

Nuclear DNA content analysis by static cytometry in cervical intraepithelial lesions using retrospective series of previously stained PAP smears.

AIMS: To evaluate the nuclear DNA content in cytological smears of uterine cervix previously stained with Papanicolaou method, focusing the potential of the method in retrospective series. METHODS: Consecutive cases of Pap smears examined at the Adolfo Lutz Institute, a Public Health Laboratory of São Paulo State were selected. The diagnosis were: CIN 1 (n=20), CIN 2 (n=24), CIN 3 (n=20). Slides were previously stained with Papanicolaou method. The stain was removed with 5% hydrochloric alcohol-acid solution and the slides were stained with Thionin-Feulgen using a Becton & Dickinson kit. Ploidy evaluation was performed using the DNA Quantitative Measurement software 3.0 (version 8.1) from Becton & Dickinson and the CAS 200 system of image analysis. Cell ploidy was evaluated after analysis of atypical nuclei found in the selected cases. The DNA index was obtained using histograms for interpretation. MAIN RESULTS: CIN 1 cases showed the following DNA profile: 55% of diploid, 5% of tetraploid and 40% of aneuploid. CIN 2 cases showed 45.8% of diploid, 8.3% of tetraploid and 45.8% of aneuploid cells. CIN 3 cases showed 10% diploid, 15% of tetraploid and 75% of aneuploid cells. CONCLUSION: DNA analysis was useful to distinguish CIN 3 to CIN 1 and 2, but did not discriminate CIN 1 and 2 in these series. Aneuploidy was strongly associated to the CIN 3 cases.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed2001

Nonaspiration fine needle cytology and its histologic correlation in canine skin and soft tissue tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the findings of nonaspiration fine needle (NAFN) cytology as compared with the histopathologic findings in evaluating canine skin and soft tissue tumors. STUDY DESIGN: NAFN (21-27 gauge) cytology was performed on 213 cases. Smears were air dried and stained by the Rosenfeld method (May-Grünwald-Giemsa modification). Histopathologic evaluation was available for comparison in 40% of cases. RESULTS: NAFN cytology and histopathology results were compared in 85 dogs. The size of the 117 lesions varied from 0.5 to 2 cm (n=39), 2.1 to 5 cm (n=43), and > or = 5.1 (n=35). There were 22 nonneoplastic lesions, mostly inflammatory processes and cysts. Neoplastic lesions were classified as epithelial (36%), mesenchymal (30%), round cell tumor (n=13) and melanocytic (2%). Among 40 malignant lesions, mast cell tumor (n=14) and hemangiopericytoma (n=9) were the most frequent. Lipoma (n=14) and trichoblastoma (n=10) were the most common benign neoplastic lesions. Cytology showed sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 100%, positive and negative predictive value of 100% and 96%, respectively, and efficacy of 97%. CONCLUSION: NAFN cytology is extremely useful and accurate. It is safe and avoids the use of anesthesia. Further, it is easy to perform and noninvasive and usually provides a high-quality sample.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Fine needle aspiration of thoracic lesions: experience in a Brazilian cancer center.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study is a retrospective analysis of cytological specimens of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thoracic lesions under computed tomography guidance, over a 2-year period to assess the diagnostic performance of cytology method. DESIGN: A total of 134 aspirations were performed using a 22 and 20 gauge needle (spinal long). The cytological diagnosis was achieved in 126 cases (94%). The histopathological findings were correlationed in order observe the cytologic diagnosis performance. PATIENTS: The cases were obtained from patients examined at A. C. Camargo Hospital ambulatory. RESULTS: There were 89 cases of malignant lesions (66.4%), 27 benign lesions (20%) and 10 cases (7.5%) of suspected for malignancy. The correlation with histopathology was possible in cases with previous histopathological exams and with tissue diagnosis after puncture. The correlation between FNA and histology showed an overall sensitivity of 77%, specificity of 100%, false-negative rate of 20% and no false-positive results. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that FNA is a sensitive and highly specific technique for the diagnosis of thoracic neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Cytological diagnosis of serous effusions in a cancer hospital in Brazil.

The performance of cytological diagnosis in serous effusions was evaluated through a historical large series study which was carried out at Department of Surgical Pathology of Hospital A.C. Camargo. Files from the period of 1966 to 1990 were reviewed. Out of 4297 serous effusions samples (from 3379 patients), 2520 were pleural, 1763 ascitic and 14 pericardiac, with cytological report of malignancy in 917, 688 and 4 cases, respectively. Cytological diagnoses were confirmed true or false after correlation with the final diagnosis of the patients (clinical follow-up and/or histological evaluation). The results observed were 1982 false-negative, 21 false-positive, 1588 true-positive and 468 true-negative cases. Suspicious (161 or 3.75%) and inconclusive (77 or 1.79%) cases were not considered for statistical evaluation. Sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, as well as positive and negative predictive values were 44.5%, 95.7%, 50.1%, 98.7% and 20%, respectively. These values in pleural and ascitic effusions, separately showed similar performance, which was not observed in pericardiac samples due to small casistics. These data show low sensitivity and negative predictive values which contrast with the high specificity and positive predictive values that can be partially explained by the methodological limitations and invasive features of neoplasias.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1994

Frequency of Candida sp infection in tuberculous patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: morphological and immunocytochemical study in sputum.

Sputum samples from AIDS patients with and without pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed morphologically and immunocytochemically to determine the frequency of occurrence of Candida sp. Mycobacterial infection was detected by bacterioscopy and/or culture and cytological evaluation was performed using Papanicolaou and Toluidine Blue staining. Immunoreaction for Candida sp was performed using polyclonal antibody in selected cases with fungal structures in smears stained by the Papanicolaou or Toluidine Blue method. An increased frequency of Candida sp (2.5 times) was observed in the tuberculous group compared to the group of AIDS patients without tuberculosis. The Toluidine Blue stain showed good results for the detection of Candida sp in sputum. Due to the increased risk of this opportunistic infection among more severely immunocompromised patients. Toluidine Blue staining of sputum samples submitted to analysis seems to be a reliable screening method.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Frequency of epithelial giant cells in smears with Papillomavirus.

We re-screened cytological smears from patients who presented Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection detected morphologically in order to verify the frequency of associated giant epithelial cells, as recently mentioned in the literature. Our results demonstrated that 14 (13.7%) of 102 cases showed the giant epithelial cells, associated or not with macronmucleosis, bi or multinucleation. Epithelial giant cells showed a poor reaction to the avidin-biotin-peroxidase to the BPV-1 antigen. We conclude that epithelial giant cell is not a frequent cytologic feature in HPV, and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase study did not detect a marked expression of HPV late antigen.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1993

Cervico-vaginal Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant adolescent and adult women. A morphologic and immunofluorescent study.

We studied the incidence of cervical Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in 65 adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years and 65 adults aged 20 years or more. All subject were more than three months advanced in a normal pregnancy. Two samples for cytology were obtained from each patient, one ecto- and endocervical, with Ayre's spatula and cytobrush, and one only endocervical with cytobrush. The first one was examined after Papanicolaou staining and the second one was examined with the easily performed immunofluorescence reaction to CT (IF)--Microtrak, SYVA. Twenty seven adolescent patients (41.5%) and fourteen adults (21.5%) had a positive IF test for CT; the rate in adolescents was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in adults. The Papanicolaou (Pap) stained slides, examined blind for evidence of CT infection showed a sensitivity of 70.7%, a specificity of 95.5% and positive and negative predictive values of 87.8% and 87.6% respectively. Seven adolescents showed cytological signs of Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and six of them were also CT positive; five had signs of HPV infection and 4 of them were CT positive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of lesions of the head and neck excluding the thyroid and salivary glands.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed in 273 cases with suspicious masses of the head and neck, excluding the thyroid and salivary gland, at the A.C. Camargo Hospital from 1983 to 1989. The most frequently punctured site was the lymph nodes (n = 178), and the most common histologic diagnosis of malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma (n = 43). FNAC results were: 105 positive, 6 suspicious, 135 negative, and 27 unsatisfactory cases. There was a correlation between cytology and histology in 217 cases, with 102 true-positive, 76 true-negative, 1 false-positive, and 7 false-negative cases. Suspicious and unsatisfactory cases were not considered for this index. Analysis of the results showed an efficiency of 95.6%, sensitivity of 93.5%, and specificity of 98.7%. Positive and negative predictive values were respectively 99.0% and 91.5%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical uterine irradiated cancer patients.

Twenty-two women with uterine carcinoma with morphological alterations postradiation treatment suggestive of Chlamydia trachomatis infection were analyzed by direct immunofluorescence. The diagnosis was confirmed in 12 (54.4%) cases. Discussions of the presence of Chlamydia in irradiated cells were not found in the literature. This finding may signify a posttherapeutic morbidity or a preradiation infection.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Image analysis of nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio in cervical smears to discriminate three grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To suggest which system of cytologic classification (Bethesda System or World Health Organization [WHO]) of cervical lesions is more adequate for the Public Health Service of São Paulo State, Brazil, based on morphometric study with the Jandel Videoanalysis (JAVA) System. STUDY DESIGN: The study comprised groups of typical smears: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1) separated into two subgroups: cytopathic effects of human papillomavirus associated or not with dyskaryosis, CIN 2 and CIN 3. The JAVA system of image analysis was used to determine the nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio in abnormal cells from each group. RESULTS: Significant differences were detected between the three grades of CIN and between the two subgroups of CIN 1. CONCLUSION: Although image analysis is not applicable to large-scale population screening of cervical smears, its use in the present study favored the three-grade cytologic classification (WHO). In addition, the three-grade classification offers the clinician more options for treatment. Considering the clinical-laboratory characteristics of our public health service, the three-grade classification is more adequate.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenocarcinoma in females detected in serous effusions. Cytomorphologic aspects and immunocytochemical reactivity to cytokeratins 7 and 20.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usefulness of assessing the immunoreactivity of cytokeratins 7 (CK7) and 20 (CK20) as well as several cytomorphologic parameters in effusions with metastatic adenocarcinomas in the search for the primary site of the tumor. STUDY DESIGN: From the files of the Pathology Department, A. C. Camargo Hospital, we studied cytologic smears from 73 metastatic adenocarcinomas originally from the breast, 63 from the ovary, 40 from the lung and 32 from the stomach, looking for morphologic parameters that could have discriminant potential in suggesting the primary site in a routine situation, including intranuclear inclusions, prominent nucleoli, mitosis, signet-ring cells, psammoma bodies, nuclear crease, binucleation and multinucleation, papillary features, acinar profile (including ball cells) and single cells. Immunoreactions were performed with monoclonal antibodies to CK7 (OV-TL 12/30) and CK20 (Ks 20.8) and included morphologic analysis. Both analyses were studied in a blind fashion regarding the primary site of the tumors. RESULTS: Positivity ratios for breast, ovary, stomach and lung cases were 67.6%, 63.5%, 29.7% and 45.5%, respectively, for CK7 and 17.2%, 15.8%, 13.5% and 32.2%, respectively, for CK20. Discriminant analysis of morphologic and immunocytochemical parameters had an error rate of 42.9% in recognizing the primary site and a Wilk's lambda of .7290. CONCLUSION: The more efficient parameter with discriminant function was the papillary appearance showed by CK7, which should be used in further studies with a similar scope. The set of parameters used in this study were insufficient to discriminate the primary site of female adenocarcinomas in effusions with significant accuracy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomorphologic evidence of human papillomavirus infection in smears from the irradiated uterine cervix.

OBJECTIVE: To report the cytomorphologic evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in cervical smears from women treated with radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. STUDY DESIGN: From January 1986 to December 1993, 32 cervical cytologic smears (CCSs) from women who had received radiotherapy (Rtx) for squamous cell cervical carcinoma at A.C. Camargo Cancer Hospital were selected for study due to the presence of signs of HPV infection. Review of the files of these patients showed 22 additional samples, which we included in this study. The avidinbiotin-immunoperoxidase technique was performed on previously stained slides using polyclonal rabbit antibovine papillomavirus type 1 to confirm the HPV infection. RESULTS: Positive reactions were found in 18 cases (27 samples), mainly in cells with classic koilocytotic features, but also in epithelial cells that lacked cytopathic effects. Only one case, a biopsy from a verrucous lesion observed after Rtx, was found to be positive for HPV 6/11 DNA by in situ hybridization. CONCLUSION: Cytologic and immunohistochemical positivity for HPV, as well as the reaction with a HPV 6/11 DNA probe, strongly suggested that HPV infection was acquired or expressed after radiotherapy. Further studies are needed to assess the mechanisms responsible for such an association.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lactoferrin in thyroid lesions: immunoreactivity in fine needle aspiration biopsy samples.

OBJECTIVE: Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein that has been used for distinguishing normal from neoplastic conditions in many different tissues. In order to improve evaluation of thyroid lesions, we studied the lactoferrin immunoreaction in cytologic smears obtained by fine needle aspiration and in biopsy samples from primary neoplasms and from adenomatous goiter. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study on fine needle aspiration cytology samples and corresponding available biopsies from thyroid lesions in patients examined at São Paulo County Hospital between 1982 and 1992, performed in order to evaluate lactoferrin immunoreactivity in morphologically well characterized samples from neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions. Immunoperoxidase procedures were performed using monospecific polyclonal rabbit antihuman lactoferrin as a primary antibody and biotinylated goat antirabbit IgG as a secondary antibody. Amplification was performed with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex, and the color sign of the positive reactions was developed using a diaminobenzidine solution. RESULTS: Lactoferrin was not detected in cytologic smears from goiters, whereas only one biopsy was slightly positive (1/21, or 4.76%). One smear from adenoma showed low positive staining (1/19, or 5.26%), which was present in 4 of 13 biopsies (30.77%) from adenoma. Papillary carcinomas were positive in 19 of 33 smears (57.58%) and in 100% of biopsies, whereas 31.25% (5/16) of follicular carcinoma smears were positive for lactoferrin, detected in all the biopsy samples. CONCLUSION: Lactoferrin immunoreactivity was strongly associated with neoplastic proliferation and may be used as a useful auxiliary marker to distinguish malignant from benign thyroid lesions in cytologic smears and biopsy samples.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid lesions in surgical material: historical review of five decades in São Paulo, Brazil.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The goal of the study was to report and discuss the neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the thyroid gland present in a historical series of surgical material examined during the period 1945 to 1989 at the Pathology Department of the São Paulo University Medical School. METHODS: Records of 281,175 cases were reviewed to select those which affected the thyroid gland. The slides of these selected cases were analyzed and classified according to current terminology. RESULTS: Non-neoplastic lesions comprised 86.68% of the cases (n = 7024), and most of them were nodular goiter (n = 6458). Neoplastic lesions were divided into two groups: primary and metastatic. Of 1072 primary neoplasms, 530 were benign and 542 were malignant. Of the malignant neoplasms, papillary and follicular were the most frequent types (n = 201 and 187, respectively), followed by undifferentiated (n = 86), Hürthle (n = 46), medullary (n = 16) and others (n = 6). Of 8 metastatic neoplasms, 4 were from and undetermined primary epidermoid carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that owing to the high incidence of neoplastic lesions (13.32%), half of which were malignant, examination of the thyroid gland should be done with strict criteria in view of the therapeutic and prognostic implications.

Adolescent↗