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Biomedical subjects

A M Borges

Publications and source records attributed to A M Borges.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the parotid gland.

AIMS: Primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) is a malignant small round cell tumour that exhibits neuroepithelial differentiation. Isolated cases of PNET have been reported in visceral sites such as the kidney, uterus, ovary, testis, urinary bladder and pancreas. We present two cases of PNET of the parotid gland. METHODS AND RESULTS: The first case was a 60-year-old woman, who presented with a parotid swelling of 10 months duration. The second case was a 45-year-old man, who presented with a recurrent temporofacial swelling of 6 months duration. Histological evaluation, in conjunction with immunohistochemistry, confirmed the diagnosis of PNET. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first documentation of PNET of the salivary gland. The probable origin is from the facial nerve.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1998

Uteruslike masses of the ovary associated with breast cancer and raised serum CA 125.

We describe three cases of a uteruslike mass of the ovary, a condition in which the ovary is replaced by a mass that grossly and microscopically resembles the uterus. The patients were 38, 43, and 39 years of age, and only the first was nulliparous. Two of them also had breast carcinomas. Two patients also had elevated CA 125 levels that gave rise to a clinical suspicion of ovarian malignancy. There were no anatomic abnormalities in any of the patients. The presence of residual ovarian stroma in two of the patients (both of whom had breast cancer) suggests that metaplasia rather than a congenital anomaly is the cause. Elevated CA 125 levels are consistent with the endomyometriosis nature of the lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Pseudolymphomatous phase of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis is a distinctive entity which is easily recognised in its classical histology. However, cases which are biopsied in the early stage of the disease, before entering the necrotic phase may be misdiagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ten cases of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease which mimicked non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and in which less than 10% of the lymph node was occupied by necrosis were chosen for this study. The patients included 4 males and 6 females with an age range of 15-40 years. Eight patients presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. The pathologic areas ranged from 70% to 95% of the total nodal area. The features that helped distinguish this lesion from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were: 1) a sprinkling of karyorrhectic debris throughout the node 2) plasmacytoid monocytes as well as "histiocytes" in the company of transformed lymphocytes (immunoblasts) 3) enlarged mottled T-zone areas, and 4) presence of residual lymphoid follicles. Follow up on six patients revealed no evidence of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Cytokeratin expression in precancerous lesions of the human oral cavity.

Cytokeratin (CK) expression was studied in buccal mucosa (BM) from 20 leucoplakia and 7 submucous fibrosis patients using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), immunoblotting and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with iso-electric focussing (IEF) as the first dimension. Normal BM expresses CK 4, 5, 13, 14 and perhaps 19. Of 20 leucoplakia samples analysed, CK 5 was not detected in 17 samples, while CK 14 was not found in 13 samples. CK 1 and CK 8 were aberrantly expressed in six and seven samples, respectively. CK expression in contralaterally collected uninvolved tissues from 3 patients showed a normal pattern in two samples. Non-expression of CK 5 was observed in five of seven submucous fibrosis samples, while CK 14 was not detected in only two samples. CK 8 was aberrantly expressed in three samples. All the leucoplakia patients were chronic tobacco chewers. Thus, non-expression of CK 5 may be an early event occurring in tobacco-associated pathological changes in the BM.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1996

Histologic trends in thyroid cancer 1969-1993: a clinico-pathologic analysis of the relative proportion of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid.

BACKGROUND: It was observed that new presentations of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid had become infrequent in the last two decades. METHODS: All cases of thyroid cancer seen at our centre between 1969-1993 (n = 2921) were classified as papillary 49%, follicular 34%, medullary 7.5%, anaplastic 4.7%, and other 4.8%. The total number of thyroid cancers show a 3.5-fold rise. RESULTS: The differentiated thyroid cancers show a significant rising trend as against the relative proportion of anaplastic carcinoma, which shows a significant decline (P = 0.002). Clinicopathologic data on 124 patients of anaplastic carcinoma revealed 50% patients had either long-standing goitres, previous thyroid abnormalities, or associated differentiated thyroid carcinoma on histology. CONCLUSIONS: The decline in the relative proportion of anaplastic carcinoma may in part be explained by the clinicopathologic findings or it may be attributed to histological reclassification.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cytokeratin expression in squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue and alveolar mucosa.

Cytokeratins (CK), the intermediate filament markers for epithelial cells were analysed in 23 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the tongue and 11 SCC of the alveolar mucosa (AM) by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Normal human adult ventral tongue expresses CK nos 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 16 (17) while the dorsal tongue expresses CK nos 1, 5, 6, 10, 14, 16 (17). CK 5 and CK 14 were not detected in a majority of samples and CK 18, a marker of simple epithelia, was aberrantly expressed in 18 samples. Normal human adult AM expresses CK nos 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 16 (17). Among 11 SCC of AM, CK 4 and CK 5 were detected in only two samples each. CK 1 and CK 10 were aberrantly expressed in nine and one samples, respectively. The basic CKs such as CK 4, 5 and 14 were not expressed in SCC at both these sites while others like CK 1 and 18 were aberrantly expressed. Thus, non-expression of basic keratin, CK 5, of the oral lining epithelia and aberrant expression of simple epithelial keratins seem to be the major events in malignant transformation in the oral epithelia.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Rhabdoid phenotype in squamous carcinoma. A report of two cases.

We report two cases of squamous carcinoma in which a prominent rhabdoid phenotype was seen. The tumors which occurred in the buccal mucosa of a 70 year old man and the skin of a 85 year old man were positive for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen indicating their epithelial nature. Co-expression of vimentin was also noted. The aggressive nature of the rhabdoid component is confirmed by the fact that the cervical lymph node metastasis in case I was also rhabdoid.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Ovarian myxoma in a premenarchal girl.

A case of ovarian myxoma in a 12-year-old premenarchal girl is reported. This paper details the clinical presentation, gross and microscopic pathology, Immunocytochemical profile, and behavior of this rare tumor. The differential diagnosis and possible histogenesis is briefly discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Flow cytometric DNA analysis of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity: correlation with clinical and histopathological features.

DNA content was measured in 68 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the oral cavity by flow cytometry. Samples fixed in 95% alcohol and disaggregated with 0.5% pepsin were stained with 4,6-diamidino-phenylindole (DAPI) for flow cytometry. The tumours were classified according to the TNM classification--1987, and graded histopathologically. A positive correlation between tumour size and ploidy status was observed. Poorly differentiated tumours were mainly non-diploid (P < 0.01, chi 2). A majority of the node positive (N+) tumours were non-diploid (P < 0.05). It was possible to distinguish diploid, N+, T4 tumours from diploid, N-, T4 tumours by their higher S-phase fraction (SpF). SpF was also a useful parameter to differentiate diploid, N+ tumours from diploid, N- tumours among the moderately differentiated (MD) SCC. These results suggest that ploidy and SpF can be useful correlates of tumour behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The neurotropic variant of desmoplastic spindle cell melanoma of the foot--a report of two cases with special reference to its schwanian features.

Melanomas are known to show a wide range of morphological expression. Desmoplastic Malignant Melanoma (DMM) which is a variant of spindle cell melanoma, is often characterised by conspicuous growth in and around nerves which leads to a mistaken diagnosis of malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath tumours (MPNST). We report two such cases of spindle celled DMM of the foot which displayed neurotropism. The problems and the clinical relevance of distinguishing this variant of melanoma from MPNST is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Inversion of carcinogen-promoter sequence: effects on mouse skin tumorigenesis and cellular growth kinetics.

To stimulate conditions wherein humans might be exposed to tumor promoters prior to carcinogenic stimulus, female S/RV Cri mice were treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 10 weeks followed by a sc injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). Six weeks after MCA administration, tissue alterations in different skin layers were analysed by histology, morphometry and autoradiography. Multiple application of TPA prior to MCA injection induced moderate to marked epidermal hyperplasia with an increase in the thickness of nucleated cell layers and stratum granulosum. As compared to control, number of basal and suprabasal cells per 7.5 mm of interfollicular epidermal (IFE) length was significantly higher in the skin of animals treated with TPA + MCA. The hyperplastic response was accompanied by a significant increase in epidermal mitotic activity, number of cells in DNA-synthetic phase in epidermis, dermis and subcutis and subepidermal mast cell population. Histological observations of induced tumors revealed a significant increase in the incidence of carcinomas and mixed neoplasms of epithelial and mesenchymal histogenesis. The findings suggest that stimulated cellular proliferation in different layers of mouse skin by TPA treatment prior to MCA injection may play a major role in enhanced expression of histogenetically distinct tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (Kimura's disease): report of a large-sized lesion.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is an uncommon lesion with a predilection for skin of the head and neck region. It usually presents as one or a few smooth-surfaced nodules which are often asymptomatic. Histologically the nodules reveal two components: abnormal proliferating vessels and a cellular infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes and eosinophils, involving both the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue. A case is presented of an unusually large recurrent lesion on the scalp.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Osteosarcoma of the craniofacial bones. A clinico-pathological study.

Thirty-four cases of osteosarcoma involving the craniofacial bones over a period of 19 years were reviewed. They formed 6.2% of osteosarcomas occurring in the skeleton during the same period at the Tata Memorial Hospital. Mean age of occurrence was 30.9% years, with a range of 7 to 61 years. Male preponderance was noted in maxillary tumours (M:F = 2.6:1), while the mandibular tumours occurred with equal frequency in both sexes. The mandible was the bone of origin in 56%, maxilla in 32% and other craniofacial bones in 12% of patients. Histological sub-type did not affect the prognosis. Radical surgery with resection of adequate disease-free margins is the most effective mode of treatment. Morbidity and mortality is due to extensive local recurrence of disease, particularly with maxillary tumours. Metastasis to other organs occurs rarely. No statistically significant difference in survival was observed between tumours of the mandible and maxilla, or between patients above and below 20 years of age.

Adolescent↗