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Biomedical subjects

A M Chumakov

Publications and source records attributed to A M Chumakov.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Microbiocenosis and the status of the intestinal mucosa in alkylosing spondyloarthritis].

Intestinal microbiocenosis was examined in 53 patients with ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS). Of these, 23 had the central and 30 presented with the peripheral form. 34 patients underwent endoscopic examinations (rectoromanoscopy, ileocolonoscopy). As a result, in 74% of cases with the central form of AS and in 80% of cases with the peripheral form of AS, alterations in the intestinal microflora were revealed, which can be regarded as intestinal dysbacteriosis (ID), with dysbacteriosis being more pronounced in patients with the peripheral form. In such patients it manifested by a considerable decrease of the amount of bifido- and lactoflora, which promoted the increment of the amount of opportunistic microorganisms, particularly Klebsiella. Macroscopic signs of nonspecific inflammation of the small and large intestines were identified in 63% of patients with the central and in 67% of those with the peripheral form of AS. Mean-while histomorphological study of biopsy specimens of the intestinal mucosa showed that all the examinees had chronic inflammation of varying degree.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Chronic gastroduodenitis in children and Campylobacter pylori].

Gastric biopsies from 90 children (from 5- to 15-year-old) with chronic gastroduodenitis were examined for Campylobacter pylori (CP) by bacteriological, histological (Giemsa stain, argentation by Warthin-Starry, acridine orange stain) and electron microscopical methods. CP is detected in 81.2% children. The degree of colonization was low or moderate. The increase of occurrence was noted with age and duration of disease. Persistence of CP went down with the increase of atrophic change in the gastric mucosa and duodenum, but there was no clear-cut correlation with the morphological variant of gastritis and the stage of disease. Colonization with CP is regarded as an important part in the pathogenesis of chronic gastroduodenitis in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Morphofunctional state of the gastric parietal and gastrin-producing cells in chronic gastroduodenitis in children].

Morphofunctional studies of parietal and gastrin-producing cells in 30 children with chronic gastroduodenitis with (10 patients) or without (20) recurrent erosions in the pyloroduodenal region showed functional inhibition of G cells and hyperplasia of P cells in the antral part of the stomach in children with recurring erosions. In these children, the increased surface area and density of parietal cells, the increased perimeters of secretory canaliculi's membranes, and the consequent elevated gastric juice acidity were probably due to P-cell hyperplasia in the gastric antrum and G-cell hyperplasia in the duodenal bulb. In children, gastroduodenitis with recurrent erosions should be considered a pathogenetic variant of duodenal ulcerous disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Morphological and endoscopic characteristics of chronic gastroduodenitis in children with lesions of the hepatobiliary system and pancreas].

Morphological and endoscopic features of a chronic gastroduodenitis combined with dyskinesia of bile ducts and pathology of hepatobiliary system and pancreas (chronic cholecystocholangitis, cholecystopancreatitis, "reactive" pancreatitis) are studied in 72 children. The most severe changes in the duodenal mucosa (chronic atrophy or, less frequently, diffuse duodenitis) were found in patients with dyskinesia of bile ducts and with disturbances of hepatobiliary system and pancreas. A characteristic feature of chronic duodenitis in patients with diseases of hepatobiliary system and pancreas lymphangiectasia in the villi.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Clinico-morphologic analysis of septic (infectious) endocarditis].

Pathomorphosis of the disease has been studied on the basis of clinical and autopsy observations in the last three decades. The importance of staphylococcus, enterococcus, and gram-negative bacteria has been shown to increase among the causative agents of septic endocarditis; frequently the infectious agents have been observed to alternate in the course of the disease. Many manifestations of endocarditis were established to be associated with the circulating immune complexes containing bacterial antigens. In the last decade, primary septic endocarditis comprised about half of the observations. The proportion of isolated endocarditis and destructive changes of aortal valves increased. Myocarditis has become more frequent and in more than half of the cases it is associated with glomerulonephritis. In contrast, peripheral manifestations of endocarditis have considerably lost their diagnostic value. Among thromboembolic complications, venous thromboembolus of the pulmonary artery, and pulmonary infarction became more prevalent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Acute leukemia and generalized cytomegaly in a 10-year-old boy].

A case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia in a 10-year-old boy who received massive cytostatic therapy is described. At autopsy a picture of therapeutically determined pathomorphism and cytostatic disease with generalized cytomegalia and terminal staphylococcal sepsis was revealed. Multiple thrombosis of major venous trunks, necroses of the cecum and subtotal necrosis of the spleen were observed; this apparently was associated with generalized cytomegalia and massive cytostatic therapy. Peculiar features of the case were dystrophic changes in cytomegalic cells subjected to necrobiosis, which, probably, was due to cytostatic therapy.

Child↗
PubMed1977

[Pathologic anatomy of sepsis in children with acute leukemia].

Autopsies of 252 cases of acute leukosis in children dying of sepsis were examined. Except 2, all the children had been in the state of exacerbation of the leukemic process and received current intensive therapy. Sepsis was the immediate cause of death in 68 (26.9%) cases. Most prevalent were such forms of sepsis as sepsis with embolic foci of necrosis in organs (44 cases), septicemia (18), septicopyemia (6). In 40 cases considerable leukemic infiltration of the bone marrow and internal organs, in 18 cases moderate and in 10 poor was observed. The criterian of sepsis in children with acute leukosis is the presence of embolic foci of necrosis, less frequently of metastatic abscesses. All the other signs may be associated both with leukemic and septic processes. The causative agent of sepsis in the majority of cases was hemolytic coagulaso-positive staphylococcus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of a three-component scheme of immunosuppression on morphologic and immunohistochemical changes of transplants in the early postoperative period].

Three-component (cyclosporin A, corticosteroids and azathioprine) immunosuppression has been widely introduced in the treatment of recipients of renal transplants because it allows a significant reduction of the components' doses in greater effectiveness. The analysis of the results of 83 puncture biopsies obtained in the immediate postoperative period after kidney transplantation has shown that administration of an imidazole derivative allows raising therapeutic concentration of cyclosporin up to 200-300 ng/ml, thus preventing rejection crises. However, increased blood concentration of cyclosporin does not increase its toxicity as a result of a significant fall in the overall level of the metabolites.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphological reasons of development of recurrent cystitis in children].

Chronic cystitis was diagnosed in 36% of children with neuromuscular ureteral dysplasia, in 69% of those with vesicoureteral reflux, in 42% of girls with urolithiasis. Recurrent inflammation was registered in 96, 11% of patients with fibrinous cystitis and catarrhal cystitis, respectively, and in 62% of girls with bullous cystitis. Histological examination of 130 biopsies of bladder mucosa from girls with frequent recurrences of chronic cystitis provided a clear morphological picture of each endoscopic cystitis form. In bullous cystitis there are 2 congenital variants of mucosal structure: overdevelopment of lymphoid tissue as massive lymphoid follicules and lymphangioectatic form. Catarrhal cystitis is characterized by vascular angiomatosis. All the patients with fibrinous cystitis had squamous cell epithelial metaplasia. Morphological findings evidence that fibrinous cystitis is the most severe and unfavorable form of cystitis, bullous cystitis is less severe while catarrhal cystitis is favorable.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Campylobacter pylori gastroduodenitis in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].

Clinico-morphological study of the gastroduodenal system and also morphometric investigations of the degree of gastroduodenitis activity and the condition of the local immune system were made in 30 children aged from 4 to 15 years with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Microbiological, histological and electron microscopic methods for revealing Campylobacter pylori (CP) were used. Interrelationship between various clinical manifestations of JRA with the nature of gastroduodenal system affection and with the incidence of microbial colonization of SP was determined. All the patients with JRA had lesions in the gastric and duodenal mucosa, and some morphological features were revealed in them. SP was diagnosed in 86.7 per cent. There was a relation between the microbial clonization of SP and the degree of the rheumatoid process activity. It is suggested that SP does not play an etiological role in the development of gastroduodenitis in JRA but may serve as a pathogenetic factor in the development of an erosive-ulcerous lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphological changes in the kidneys in refluxogenic nephropathy in patients with congenital and acquired vesicoureteral reflux].

Current views of foreign investigators on refluxogenic nephropathy rest on the results of pig experiments. The authors studied human material: kidneys of children who died of pyelonephritis caused by vesicoureteral reflux. Electron-microscopic and other morphological examinations of the kidney pelvic wall provided evidence for a distinct difference in relevant morphological structures observed in congenital versus acquired reflux. Congenital vesicoureteral reflux displays a specific morphological picture suggesting congenital refluxogenic nephropathy, whereas acquired reflux produces a typical picture of ascending pyelonephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hydronephrosis in children].

The authors followed up 125 children with hydronephrosis aged 4-15. The diagnosis was based on ultrasound, radiological, x-ray, pelvic electromyography. Vitaiker's test findings. Postoperative follow-up covered 91 patients and lasted 1-5 years. Histological evidence provided data on 3 types of changes in the ureteropelvic segment. This necessitates not only Andersen-Hynes operation, but also graft plastic surgery contraindicated in the small-size segment, in extended stricture of the small-diameter segment, in existence of an accessory vessel, in the segment thin wall. Poor surgical outcomes were often the result of renal functional failure. In patients with renal functional loss up to 25% positive results were achieved in 91.1% of the cases, in the loss 26-50% in 81.8% of the patients, in the loss 51-75% in 79%, in that 75-100% in 61.5% of those surgically treated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The choice of the type of operation in hydronephrosis in children].

113 hydronephrosis children underwent Andersen-Hynes operation, 62 Calp de Werd operation. The ureteropelvic segment was examined morphologically. 3 macroscopic variants of ureteral structure and 5 variants of leiomyocyte presence in the muscular lining of the ureter are defined. Long-term follow-up results (1-10 years) are available. Resection gave positive results in 80%, graft plastic repair was effective in 92% of cases.

Child↗