Biomedical subjects

A M Coelho

Publications and source records attributed to A M Coelho.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Apoptotic effect of fludarabine is independent of expression of IAPs in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Despite the efficiency of fludarabine in the induction of clinical responses in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients, resistance to this drug has been documented. The present study tested whether resistance to fludarabine is related to the expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family members. We analyzed the expression of c-IAP1, c-IAP2 and XIAP, by immunocytochemistry, in 30 blood samples from B-CLL patients and correlated protein expression to fludarabine-induced apoptosis estimated by an annexin-V assay. Expression of c-IAP1, c-IAP2 and XIAP were found predominantly in the cytoplasm, and a wide range of staining intensities was observed among distinct samples. No correlation was found between the levels of IAPs expression and prognostic factors such as age, gender, lymphocyte doubling time, white blood cell count or previous treatment. The expression of IAPs also failed to predict the sensitivity to fludarabine-induced apoptosis. Alternative pathways of cell death may explain the independence of fludarabine-induced apoptosis from the high expression of IAPs.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

"Red complex" (Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola) in endodontic infections: a molecular approach.

OBJECTIVE: The "red complex," composed of Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola, is implicated in severe forms of periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence of the red complex in root canal infections through the use of a sensitive technique-the 16S rDNA-directed polymerase chain reaction (PCR). STUDY DESIGN: Samples were obtained from 50 necrotic pulps with periradicular pathosis. Ten cases were diagnosed as acute periradicular abscesses. DNA was extracted from the samples and analyzed with a PCR-based identification assay. RESULTS: At least 1 member of the red complex was found in 33 of 50 cases. T denticola, P gingivalis, and B forsythus were detected in 44%, 30%, and 26% of the cases, respectively. The red complex was found in 4 of 50 cases. No particular signs or symptoms were associated with the presence of these bacterial species. CONCLUSIONS: Despite what is indicated in reports with respect to marginal periodontitis, red complex bacteria-either singularly or collectively-was not associated with any particular pattern of clinical symptoms. However, because the bacterial species from the red complex are recognized oral pathogens, their occurrence in root canal infections suggests that they may play a role in the pathogenesis of periradicular diseases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Protective effect of metronidazole on uncoupling mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation induced by NSAID: a new mechanism.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) enteropathy is complex. It involves uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation which alters the intercellular junction and increases intestinal permeability with consequent intestinal damage. Metronidazole diminishes the inflammation induced by indomethacin but the mechanisms remain speculative. A direct effect on luminal bacteria has traditionally been thought to account for the protective effect of metronidazole. However, a protective effect of metronidazole on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation has never been tested. AIMS: To assess the protective effect of metronidazole on mitochondrial uncoupling induced by indomethacin and also on the increased intestinal permeability and macroscopic damage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The protective effect of metronidazole was evaluated in rats given indomethacin; a macroscopic score was devised to quantify intestinal lesions, and intestinal permeability was measured by means of (51)Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The protective effect of metronidazole against mitochondrial uncoupling induced by indomethacin was assessed using isolated coupled rat liver mitochondria obtained from rats pretreated with metronidazole or saline. RESULTS: Metronidazole significantly reduced the macroscopic intestinal damage and increase in intestinal permeability induced by indomethacin; furthermore, at the mitochondrial level, it significantly reduced the increase in oxygen consumption in state 4 induced by indomethacin and caused less reduction of the respiratory control rate. CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed the beneficial effects of metronidazole on intestinal damage and intestinal permeability, and demonstrated, for the first time, a direct protective effect of metronidazole on uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation caused by NSAIDs.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Rectal antinociceptive properties of alverine citrate are linked to antagonism at the 5-HT1A receptor subtype.

Serotonin (5-HT) is considered as a major mediator causing hyperalgesia and is involved in inflammatory reactions and irritable bowel syndrome. Alverine citrate may possess visceral antinociceptive properties in a rat model of rectal distension-induced abdominal contractions. This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacological properties of alverine citrate in a rat model of rectal hyperalgesia induced by 5-HTP (5-HT precursor) and by a selective 5-HT1A agonist (8-OH-DPAT) and to compare this activity with a reference 5-HT1A antagonist (WAY 100635). At 4 h after their administration, 5-HTP and 8-OH-DPAT increased the number of abdominal contractions in response to rectal distension at the lowest volume of distension (0.4 mL). When injected intraperitoneally before 8-OH-DPAT and 5-HTP, WAY 100635 (1 mg kg(-1)) blocked their nociceptive effect, but also reduced the response to the highest volume of distension (1.6 mL). Similarly, when injected intraperitoneally, alverine citrate (20 mg kg(-1)) suppressed the effect of 5-HTP, but not that of 8-OH-DPAT. However, when injected intracerebroventricularly (75 microg/rat) alverine citrate reduced 8-OH-DPAT-induced enhancement of rectal distension-induced abdominal contractions. In-vitro binding studies revealed that alverine citrate had a high affinity for 5-HT1A receptors and a weak affinity for 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 subtypes. These results suggest that 5-HTP-induced rectal hypersensitivity involves 5-TH1A receptors and that alverine citrate acts as a selective antagonist at the 5-HT1A receptor subtype to block both 5-HTP and 8-OH-DPAT-induced rectal hypersensitivity.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗

PubMed2000

Role of tachykinin NK2 receptors in normal and altered rectal sensitivity in rats.

Irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by visceral hyperalgesia commonly associated with stress and inflammatory processes. We investigated the role of tachykinin NK2 receptors in the ability of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) and stress to enhance the sensitivity of the rat rectum to distension using a selective tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist (MEN 11420). Rats were fitted with electrodes implanted in the striated muscles of the abdomen. Rectal distension (RD) was performed with a balloon inflated by steps of 0.4 ml from 0 to 1.6 ml. Five groups were submitted to RD performed 3 days before and after intrarectal instillation of TNBS. Fifteen minutes before RD, rats were treated with saline or MEN 11420 (5 - 100 microg kg(-1) i.v.). Two other groups, submitted to 2 h restraint or sham stress sessions were randomly treated i.v. with saline or MEN 11420 (10 - 200 microg kg(-1)) prior to RD applied 20 min later. The basal response to RD was characterized by a significant increase in the number of abdominal contractions. This response occurred with a threshold volume of 0.8 ml and was dose-dependently reduced by MEN 11420 (5 - 100 microg kg(-1) i.v.). Rectal inflammation lowered the volume of distension producing abdominal contractions to 0.4 ml (allodynia). This effect was either reduced or suppressed by MEN 11420. A similar allodynia was observed after a stress session and this effect was reduced (49%) or suppressed by MEN 11420 at 200 and 100 microg kg(-1), respectively. Tachykinin NK2 receptors are involved in rectal hypersensitivity associated with inflammation and stress. British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 129, 193 - 199

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Systemic lipopolysaccharide influences rectal sensitivity in rats: role of mast cells, cytokines, and vagus nerve.

Intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produces somatic hyperalgesia, releases interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and activates vagal afferents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of peripheral LPS on rectal sensitivity and to specify the mechanisms involved. Abdominal muscle contractions were recorded in conscious rats equipped with intramuscular electrodes. Rectal distension (RD) was performed at various times after LPS or experimental treatments. In controls, RD significantly increased the number of abdominal contractions from a threshold volume of distension of 0.8 ml. At the lowest volume (0.4 ml), this number was increased after administration of LPS (3, 9, and 12 h later), recombinant human IL-1beta (from 3 to 9 h), recombinant bovine TNF-alpha (from 6 to 9 h), and BrX-537A (from 6 to 12 h), a mast cell degranulator. The effect of LPS was reduced by doxantrazole, Lys-D-Pro-Thr, and soluble recombinant TNF receptor. Vagotomy selectively amplified the response to LPS. We conclude that, in vivo, intraperitoneal LPS lowers visceral pain threshold (allodynia) through a mechanism involving mast cell degranulation and IL-1beta and TNF-alpha release and that the vagus nerve may exert a tonic protective role against LPS-induced rectal allodynia.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMed2000

Antinociceptive effect of pregabalin in septic shock-induced rectal hypersensitivity in rats.

Pregabalin [S-(+)-3-isobutylgaba] is a novel compound under development for its analgesic, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties, and its interaction with the alpha(2)delta-subunit of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels. In this study, we investigate the antinociceptive activity of pregabalin in a rat model of delayed visceral hyperalgesia induced by i.p. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. LPS (Escherichia coli, serotype O111:B4) leads to a delayed lowering threshold (9-12 h) of abdominal contractions in response to rectal distension (RD) in awake rats surgically prepared for electromyography of abdominal muscles. This allodynic effect of LPS was blocked by morphine (0.3 mg/kg s.c.), and the action of morphine was antagonized by naloxone (2.5 mg/kg s.c.). A single i.p. (10, 30 mg/kg) and oral (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) treatment of pregabalin dose dependently suppressed LPS-induced rectal hypersensitivity. When administered 2 h before RD (but preceded 12 h by LPS injection), the oral dose of 10 mg/kg was effective both in the allodynic response induced by LPS and in the intensity of the nociceptive response related to RD. Pretreatment by either naloxone or bicuculline (a GABA(A) antagonist, 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) did not affect the antiallodynic effect of pregabalin. We conclude that pregabalin is a therapeutic candidate in the treatment of gut hypersensitivity not acting through GABA(A) and opiate receptors.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic↗

PubMed1998

Mast cell degranulation induces delayed rectal allodynia in rats: role of histamine and 5-HT.

Visceral hypersensitivity is a common feature of functional bowel disorders, where an increased number of mast cells have often been described. Thus, we investigated the effect of an experimental mast cell degranulation induced by BrX-537A on somatic (tail heating) and visceral (rectal distension) sensitivity in rats and the involvement of histamine and/or serotonin on this last response. After BrX-537A administration, the latency of tail withdrawal reflex was shortened within the 2- to 8-hr period. Moreover, BrX-537A reduced the distension volume threshold from 0.8 ml to 0.4 ml inducing allodynia, from 6 to 12 hr after its administration. This effect was suppressed by doxantrazole (mast cell stabilizing agent) and WAY 100635 (5-HT1A receptor antagonist), and reproduced by 5-HTP (5-HT precursor) and 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A receptor agonist). However, neither granisetron (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) nor H1, H2, or H3 histamine receptor antagonists modified the BrX-537A-induced allodynia. Consequently, mast cell degranulation initiates a delayed somatic and visceral allodynia, with the participation of serotonin, through 5-HT1A receptor activation, on the visceral response.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Influence of trimebutine on inflammation- and stress-induced hyperalgesia to rectal distension in rats.

The effects of trimebutine and its major metabolite, N-desmethyltrimebutine on inflammation- and stress-induced rectal hyperalgesia have been evaluated in rats fitted with electrodes implanted in the longitudinal striated muscle of the abdomen. Intermittent rectal distension was performed before and 3 days after induction of rectal inflammation by local infusion of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (in ethanol). Stress consisted of 2h partial restraint and rectal distension was performed before and 30min after the end of the partial restraint session. The animals were treated intraperitoneally with trimebutine or desmethyltrimebutine (5, 10 or 20mgkg(-1)) or vehicle 15min before rectal distension. Naloxone (1mgkg(-1)) or saline was injected subcutaneously before trimebutine and desmethyltrimebutine. Before treatment trimebutine at the highest dose (20mgkg(-1)) reduced the abdominal response to rectal distension for the highest volume of distension (1.6mL) whereas desmethyltrimebutine was inactive. After rectocolitis the abdominal response to rectal distension was enhanced and trimebutine at 5mgkg(-1) reduced and at 10 mgkg(-1) suppressed inflammation-induced hyperalgesia, an effect reversed by naloxone. Desmethyltrimebutine was inactive. Stress-induced hypersensitivity was attenuated or suppressed, or both, by trimebutine and desmethyltrimebutine at doses of 5, 10 or 20mgkg(-l); greater efficacy was observed for desmethyltrimebutine and the effects were not reversed by naloxone. It was concluded that trimebutine and desmethyltrimebutine are active against inflammation- and stress-induced rectal hyperalgesia but act differently. The effect of trimebutine on inflammation-induced hyperalgesia is mediated through opioid receptors.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Comparison between anthracyclines and rhodamine-123 accumulation in chronic lymphoid leukemia: effect of cyclosporin A and verapamil.

Multidrug resistance in leukemic cells is associated with decreased drug accumulation. A resistant cell line and cells from 11 patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia B were used for the evaluation of intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin (DNR), idarubicin (IDA), epirubicin (EPI) and rhodamine-123 (Rh-123). Cyclosporin A (CSA) and verapamil were used to test their modulatory effects on anthracyclines and the fluorescent dye. In leukemic samples there was a tendency for a lower accumulation index in samples tested with Rh-123 as compared to anthracyclines. IDA was a poorer substrate to P-glycoprotein (Pgp) than two of its analogues, e.g. DNR and EPI. A good correlation (80%) was found between Rh-123 accumulation and Pgp expression by phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase. A strict correlation (100%) was found between modulation by CSA of Rh-123 accumulation and immunoreactivity to Pgp. Two discordant results were seen suggesting that other mechanisms of resistance could be present. The Rh-123 accumulation test seems to give a better indication than anthracyclines, however, it is not selective and may allow the detection of other drug-transport pumps.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMed1997

Kin recognition by paternal half-siblings in captive Papio cynocephalus.

Our objective in this study was to evaluate whether a group of paternally related, subadult baboons (Papio cynocephalus) would preferentially interact with kin or nonkin when they had been raised apart from kin other than their mothers. Subjects and their mothers were removed from the breeding group and placed in alternate housing within 24 h after birth to ensure that the subjects would not have a social history with either their sire or their half-siblings. At 90 days of age, the 23 subjects were separated from their mothers and assigned to a peer-peer social group. Behavioral performance was measured using focal animal sampling techniques and 12 molecular behavioral criteria. Analyses of the data indicate that in dyadic interactions kin did not interact more frequently than nonkin in performance of affiliative, sociosexual, and agonistic behaviors. The hypothesis that baboons recognize kin in the absence of maternal associations was not supported by the data; moreover, we suggest that social learning and social history are the most likely mechanisms for kin recognition.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Detection of Vibrio cholerae and V. mimicus heat-stable toxin gene sequence by PCR.

Previously the heat-stable enterotoxin in Vibrio cholerae and V. mimicus has been detected by suckling mouse assay, a non-specific approach, and by DNA probes, a time-consuming method. This report describes a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure for the detection of the stn (NAG-ST) and sto (O1-ST) gene sequences that is rapid and specific, allowing toxin gene molecular characterisation. A total of 34 V. cholerae and V. mimicus isolates was examined for ST and CT genes. The NAG-ST gene sequence was amplified in 13 of 22 non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae and three of five V. mimicus strains. A new enterotoxin gene sequence pattern was found with MseI and TaqI restriction endonuclease PCR fragment digestion of two V. cholerae isolates, in addition to the pattern anticipated from the Genbank sequence, and found with the other ST+. These results show that ST-PCR detection is useful for the characterisation of V. cholerae and V. mimicus.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Hepatic damage during acute pancreatitis in the rat.

We studied the alterations in the metabolism of liver mitochondria in rats with acute pancreatitis. Male Wistar rats were allocated to a control group (group I) and to five other groups corresponding to 2, 4, 12, 24 and 48 h after the induction of acute pancreatitis by the injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Sham-operated animals were submitted to the same surgical steps except for the induction of acute pancreatitis. Mitochondrial oxidation and phosphorylation were measured polarographically by determining oxygen consumption without ADP (basal respiration, state 4) and in the presence of ADP (activated respiration, state 3). Serum amylase, transaminases (ALT and AST) and protein were also determined. Ascitic fluid, contents of amylase, trypsin and total protein were also determined and arterial blood pressure was measured in all groups. In ascitic fluid, trypsin and amylase increased reaching a maximum at 2 and 4 h, respectively. Serum amylase increased at 2 h reaching a maximum at 4 h. Serum transaminase levels increased at 12 and 24 h. After 2 h (and also 4 h) there was an increase in state 4 respiration (45.65 +/- 1.79 vs 28.96 +/- 1.50) and a decrease in respiration control rate (3.53 +/- 0.09 vs 4.45 +/- 0.08) and in the ADP/O ratio (1.77 +/- 0.02 vs 1.91 +/- 0.01) compared to controls (P < 0.05). These results indicate a disruption of mitochondrial function, which recovered after 12 h. In the 48-h groups there was mitochondrial damage similar to that occurring in ischemic lesion. Beat-to-beat analysis (30 min) showed that arterial blood pressure remained normal up to 24 h (111 +/- 3 mmHg) while a significant decrease occurred in the 48-h group (91 +/- 4 mmHg). These data suggest biphasic damage in mitochondrial function in acute pancreatitis: an initial uncoupled phase, possibly secondary to enzyme activity, followed by a temporary recovery and then a late and final dysfunction, associated with arterial hypotension, possibly related to ischemic damage.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Essential arterial hypertension: psychopathology, compliance, and quality of life].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of psychological and psychopathological factors and quality of life on hypertension, its treatment and patient compliance. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Primary Health Care Center in Oporto. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Forty nine patients (pts) with essential hypertension (HT), 35 female and 14 male, mean ages: 52 +/- 11 yrs and 59 +/- 10 yrs, respectively, and 39 normotensive controls (NT)--18 female and 21 male, mean ages: 37 +/- 15 yrs and 42 +/- 15 yrs, respectively, were recruited from the same General Practice. METHODS: Hypertension was classified according to the Joint National Committee criteria. The following psychometric evaluations were used: the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hopkins Symptom Distress Checklist, the Psychological General Well-Being Schedule and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. RESULTS: 1. The hypertensive pts differed from the normotensive pts as they scored significantly higher in somatization (p = 0.07), aggression/hostility (p = 0.036), index of psychological distress (p = 0.08) and, neuroticism (p = 0.09); 2. the hypertensive pts showed lower scores of quality of life (p = 0.019); 3. the biochemical parameters studied (uric acid, urea, creatinine, glicose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, trigliceride, transaminases and gammaglutamil transferase) did not show statistically significant correlation with the psychological variables and quality of life items studied; 4. the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic alterations, corresponding to the severity of the clinical situation, were not associated with statistically significant differences in depression and quality of life; 5. the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, the calcium antagonist and the beta-blockers showed no statistically significant influence on the psychological scores studied. However, pts receiving diuretics showed higher scores of somatization (p = 0.0008) and obsession/ compulsion (p = 0.02) and, lower scores of quality of life (p = 0.04); 6. a better compliance was associated with better psychological scores, and somatization scored with statistical significance (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The hypertensive pts differed from the normotensive pts as they scored significantly higher in aggression/hostility and lower in quality of life. No statistically significant differences were found among the psychological variables in the pts with cardiac involvement. A better compliance was associated with better psychological scores. The results of this study lead us to suggest that when treating pts with HT, the most appropriate therapeutic attitude should attempt to avoid both therapeutic withdrawal and lack of medical control.

Female↗

PubMed1997

Clinical approach to circumvention of multidrug resistance in refractory leukemic patients: association of cyclosporin A with etoposide.

Alternative therapy for refractory leukemic patients is being increasingly adopted. Circumvention of multidrug resistance represents a strategy that has been taken into account when conventional chemotherapy failed. In this work a group of 15 refractory, heavily pretreated, patients was enrolled in a circumvention protocol including etoposide (ETO) and cyclosporin A (CSA). All patients received etoposide prior to this schedule. Toxicity to circumvention protocol was acceptable and only one serious side-effect was observed. Two hematological clinical responses were seen, both of which were positive to P-glycoprotein immunostaining and exhibited in vitro modulation by CSA in cultures using the thymidine incorporation assay. Three out of four patients negative for P-glycoprotein achieved a minor response. Three out of six clinical failures were also negative for Pgp immunostaining one of which exhibited sinergistic effect between ETO and CSA. Our study suggests that hematological response to ETO and CSA association can be obtained in intensely pretreated leukemic patients. Several factors may affect the response such as clinical status before this therapy. Additionally, it also suggests that not all CSA effects on the combination ETO-CSA can be attributed to Pgp modulation.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMed1996

Effect of glucose on photodynamic action of methylene blue in Escherichia coli cells.

The results of this work show that the resistance of Escherichia coli cells to the photodynamic action of methylene blue is increased by the addition of glucose to the media in which they are grown. It is postulated that the increased resistance may be due to lowered retention of the dye by cells grown in the presence of glucose, leading to the diminution in DNA damage revealed in the alkaline sucrose gradients. The role of cyclic adenosine-monophosphate in the protective action of glucose is discussed.

Cyclic AMP↗

PubMed1995

Effects of concurrent exposure to 60 Hz electric and magnetic fields on the social behavior of baboons.

Our previous research has demonstrated that 30 or 60 kV/m electric fields (EF) reliably produce temporary increases in the performance of three categories of baboon social behavior: Passive Affinity, Tension, and Stereotypy. The experimental design included 6 week preexposure, exposure, and postexposure periods with experimental and control groups, each with eight subjects. Here, we report two experiments that evaluated the effects of combined EF and magnetic fields (MF) on baboon social behavior. One experiment demonstrated that exposure to 6 kV/m EF and 50 microT (0.5 G) MF produced Period x Group interactions for Stereotypy and Attack, but the previously observed increases in Passive Affinity, Tension, and Stereotypy did not occur. A second experiment demonstrated that exposure to 30 kV/m EF and 100 microT 1.0 G MF did not produce the same magnitude of increases in Passive Affinity, Tension, and Stereotypy observed previously with 30 kV/m EF alone. The exposed group exhibited decreased performance rates for several behavior categories during exposure with further declines during postexposure. The control group showed fewer downward trends across periods.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Effect of PAF antagonists on cerulein-induced pancreatitis.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the involvement of PAF in acute pancreatitis induced by cerulein in rats. Cerulein (two doses of 20 micrograms/rat, the first s.c. and the second i.v., 1 h apart) induced a significant increase in vascular permeability in the pancreas, evaluated by the Evans blue (EB) extravasation method. Plasma amylase levels were also significantly increased in this group. The PAF antagonists, BN-52021 (5 mg/kg) and WEB-2170 (1 and 10 mg/kg), both significantly reduced the extravasation of EB in the pancrease induced by i.v. injection of PAF (1 microgram/kg). At these concentrations, BN-52021 was effective at inhibiting cerulein-induced pancreatitis (60-70% of inhibition) whereas WEB-2170 had no significant effect. Although the inhibition induced by BN-52021 suggests the involvement of PAF in cerulein-pancreatitis, the lack of effect of WEB-2170 reported here does not allow a definite conclusion. Further studies are needed to elucidate the differential effect of the PAF antagonists.

Acute Disease↗