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Biomedical subjects

A M Costrini

Publications and source records attributed to A M Costrini.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy of focal pulmonary lesions: a community hospital experience.

I reviewed my experience with transthoracic needle aspiration (TNA) biopsy in a community hospital. TNA is effective (91% diagnostic accuracy) and safe (28% incidence of pneumothorax, 6% requiring a chest tube for reexpansion). TNA has a definite role in the evaluation of selected patients with focal pulmonary lesions. Success and complication rates are similar to those of other reported studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Clinical and roentgenographic features of nosocomial pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium xenopi.

We describe 19 cases of pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium xenopi, a nosocomial infection related to the hospital water system. Pre-existing lung disease and prolonged environmental exposure during previous hospitalizations were apparent predisposing factors. Twelve patients had respiratory symptoms, including three with hemoptysis, at the time an abnormal chest roentgenogram was obtained. The predominant radiographic presentation of lung diseases caused by M. xenopi was a nodular or mass shadow, but cavitary disease and multiple nodular densities were also frequently observed. One subject had a solitary pulmonary nodule, and surgical resection was performed. In 12 patients who were skin tested with both M. xenopi sensitin and PPD-tuberculin, induration was consistently greater with M. xenopi. Initial isolates of M. xenopi were uniformly sensitive in vitro to 2.0 microgram of streptomycin, 1.0 microgram of isoniazid, and 10.0 microgram of para-aminosalicylic acid. In general, disease due to M. xenopi was successfully treated with standard antituberculosis drugs.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Vitamin C prophylaxis in marine recruits.

A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was carried out to determine whether vitamin C prophylaxis, 2.0 g/day, vs placebo prophylaxis would reduce the incidence or morbidity of the common cold and other respiratory illnesses in 674 marine recruits during an eight-week period. Whole-blood ascorbic acid levels measured six weeks after initiation of the study were significantly higher in the vitamin C group. There was no difference between the two groups in the incidence or duration of colds. The vitamin C group rated their colds as being less severe, but this was not reflected in different symptom complexes or in fewer sick-call visits or training days lost. This study and the literature do not support the prophylactic use of vitamin C to prevent the common cold.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1979

Cardiovascular and metabolic manifestations of heat stroke and severe heat exhaustion.

We prospectively studied the clinical, biochemical (including creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzymes) and electrocardiographic features of exertional heat stroke in 13 patients (group 1) and severe heat exhaustion in 14 patients (group 2). Despite initial presentations with severe hyperthermia, tachycardia and hypotension, only one patient with heat stroke had myocardial ischemia. The CPK isoenzymes were not indicative of myocardial damage in any patient. The patients with heat stroke were somewhat more dehydrated than those with heat exhaustion as measured by differences in serum creatinine, sodium and osmolality, and the former (group 1) had a significantly lower initial glucose level (P less than 0.05). Although significant differences in potassium were not observed in the pretreatment samples, at 12 hours the serum potassium was significantly lower in group 1 (P less than 0.05). This suggests that this group may have been more potassium-depleted at the time of heat stroke. Prompt recognition and vigorous therapy were successful in rapidly lowering high temperatures and in preventing serious complications.

Alanine Transaminase↗