Biomedical subjects

A M Elbahnasy

Publications and source records attributed to A M Elbahnasy.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Endoscopic creation of reflux in the pig.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in the animal model for experimental purposes can be created either by open transvesical or endoscopic techniques. The concept of reflux creation is the same for both techniques: incision of the roof of the intramural portion of the ureter at the 12 o'clock position. The open method has the disadvantages of requiring a cystotomy and a lengthy healing period prior to initiating a study, thereby incurring additional expense and the problem of introducing several confounding factors. The open method is unreliable because of the resolution of reflux over time. Herein, we present a simple transurethral endoscopic technique for creating VUR in pigs. This technique was successful in producing persistent Grade II or III reflux in 94% of the incised ureters.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Laparoscopic staging of bladder tumor: concerns about port site metastases.

Since the first laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) was performed for prostate cancer, only one case of port site metastasis has been reported, an incidence of 0.1%. On the other hand, three cases of port site metastasis have been reported after laparoscopic staging of transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, a reported incidence of almost 4%. Herein, we review the circumstances of these three cases and address the potential risk factors and possible preventive measures regarding LPLND and port site metastasis in patients with TCC of the bladder.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Bladder wall substitution with synthetic and non-intestinal organic materials.

PURPOSE: We evaluate and compare the characteristics and drawbacks of different synthetic and organic materials that have been used for bladder wall replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We extensively reviewed the contemporary literature for partial bladder wall replacement with synthetic or organic materials. RESULTS: The concept of bladder wall replacement dates back to the early nineteenth century. Based on the unique regenerative capability of the bladder, many organic and synthetic allografts and xenografts were implanted in the bladder wall with a wide range of outcomes. Recently, various biodegradable allografts have been developed and used successfully in animal models. Despite the favorable animal results, only a few of the materials have been used clinically for bladder wall replacement to date. CONCLUSIONS: Further improvements in the use of existing materials and development of new materials will hopefully result in clinically successful grafts for bladder wall replacement and for whole bladder substitution.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Lower caliceal stone clearance after shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy: the impact of lower pole radiographic anatomy.

PURPOSE: We determine whether there is a significant relationship between the spatial anatomy of the lower pole, as seen on preoperative excretory urography (IVP), and the outcome after shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy for a solitary lower pole caliceal stone 15 mm. or less. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1992 and June 1996, 34 patients with 15 mm. or less solitary lower pole stone underwent ureteroscopy with intracorporeal lithotripsy (13) or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with a Dornier HM3 lithotriptor (21). On pretreatment IVP lower pole infundibular length and width, infundibulopelvic angle of the stone bearing calix were measured. Stone size and area were determined from an abdominal plain x-ray. A plain x-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder was obtained in all patients at a median followup of 12.3 and 8 months in the ureteroscopy and ESWL groups, respectively. RESULTS: After initial therapy the overall stone-free rate was 62 and 52% in the ureteroscopy and ESWL groups, respectively. Stone-free status after ESWL was significantly related to each anatomical measurement. Infundibulopelvic angle 90 degrees or greater, and infundibular length less than 3 cm. and width greater than 5 mm. were each noted to correlate with an improved stone-free rate after ESWL. In contrast, the stone-free rate after ureteroscopy was not statistically significantly impacted by these anatomical features, although a clinical stone-free trend was identified relating to a favorable infundibular length and infundibulopelvic angle. The infundibulopelvic angle was 90 degrees or greater in 4 stone-free patients (12% overall), including 2 who underwent ureteroscopy and 2 who underwent ESWL. On the other hand, in 2 and 4 stone-free patients (18% overall) who underwent ureteroscopy and ESWL, respectively, favorable radiographic features consisted of a short, wide but acutely angulated infundibulum with the infundibulopelvic angle less than 90 degrees, and infundibular length less than 3 cm. and width 5 mm. or greater. In contrast, in 4 and 6 patients (29% overall) who underwent ureteroscopy and ESWL, respectively, all 3 radiographic features were unfavorable with the infundibulopelvic angle less than 90 degrees, and infundibular length greater than 3 cm. and width less than 5 mm. In these cases the stone-free rate was 50 and 17% after ureteroscopy and ESWL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The 3 major radiographic features of the lower pole calix (infundibulopelvic angle, and infundibular length and width) can be easily measured on standard IVP using a ruler and protractor. Each factor individually has a statistically significant influence on stone clearance after ESWL. A wide infundibulopelvic angle or short infundibular length and broad infundibular width regardless of infundibulopelvic angle are significant favorable factors for stone clearance following ESWL. Conversely, these factors have a cumulatively negative effect on the stone clearance rate after ESWL when they are all unfavorable. In ureteroscopy spatial anatomy has less of a role in regard to stone clearance but it may have a negative impact when there is uniformly unfavorable anatomy.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Flexible ureteroscopy: Washington University experience with the 9.3F and 7.5F flexible ureteroscopes.

PURPOSE: Recent advances in the design of flexible ureteroscopes have resulted in smaller caliber instruments. We review our experience with the smaller flexible ureteroscopes, and compare the efficacy and efficiency of the newer 7.5F to the standard 9.3F flexible instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1991 and 1995, 69 male and 41 female patients (mean age 57 years, range 16 to 91) underwent 116 retrograde flexible ureteroscopic procedures for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic indications. A 9.3F ureteroscope (group 1) was used in 71 patients and a 7.5F instrument (group 2) was used in 39. RESULTS: Patients in group 2 received sedation analgesia significantly more often than those in group 1 (56 versus 35%, p = 0.04). Active dilation of the ureteral orifice was required less often in group 2 (22.5%) than in group 1 (58%, p < or = 0.05). The total success rate for stone management, and diagnosis and/or treatment of an upper urinary tract lesion was 98.3 and 100%, respectively, in group 1, and 90 and 100%, respectively, in group 2 (p = 0.17). Of the 71 patients in group 1, 17 (24%) were treated on an outpatient basis, compared to 14 of 39 (49%) in group 2 (p = 0.16). No intraoperative or postoperative major complications were encountered in either group. Group 2 required less postoperative analgesia (p = 0.05). No ureteral stricture occurred in either group at an average followup of 9.5 months postoperatively (range 2 to 35). CONCLUSIONS: For ureteral and renal pathological conditions the 7.5F ureteroscope is as effective as the 9.3F instrument diagnostically and therapeutically. The 7.5F ureteroscope usually can be used with sedation analgesia. Also, the smaller 7.5F ureteroscope is associated with less need for active ureteral dilation, minimal postoperative discomfort and a brief hospital stay.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Laparoscopic ablation of peripelvic renal cysts.

PURPOSE: We describe and define the operative techniques, findings and results of laparoscopic ablation of peripelvic renal cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One male and three female patients, ranging in age from 35 to 59 years, underwent laparoscopic ablation of symptomatic peripelvic cysts. All patients had symptoms of ipsilateral flank pain and obstruction. One patient had an episode of pyelonephritis before detection of the cyst, and 2 patients had concomitant stones within the obstructed system. Cysts ranged in size from 4 to 6 cm. Dissection was uniformly complex because of the depth to which the cyst extended into the renal parenchyma and the overlying renal vessels and collecting system. RESULTS: Operative times ranged from 315 to 390 minutes (mean 338 minutes). The average length of hospital stay was 2.75 days (range 2 to 4 days). Three of 4 patients (75%) had resolution of their symptoms and collecting system obstruction. One patient, the only case of a retroperitoneal approach, had recurrence of her symptoms and cyst 2 months after the operation and required open surgical repair. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic ablation of peripelvic cysts is a challenging yet feasible procedure. Because of the medial location of these cysts, a transperitoneal approach may be preferable to retroperitoneal access alone.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy in a pelvic kidney: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy was performed in a pelvic kidney with a large renal pelvis calculus. METHODS AND RESULTS: Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy was successfully performed in a pelvic kidney with an operative time of 310 minutes. The use of intraoperative fluoroscopy and a semi-automatic suturing device greatly facilitated the procedure. The patient's operative pain was managed with 3 doses of ketorolac; she resumed a regular diet the day after surgery, and was discharged on the first postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with a large stone in the renal pelvis of an ectopic kidney, laparoscopic pyelolithotomy provides an effective approach.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic wedge resection and partial nephrectomy--the Washington University experience and review of the literature.

Open partial nephrectomy is an accepted form of treatment for a variety of benign conditions and for localized renal cell carcinoma. To date, there is limited experience with the clinical application of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and wedge resection for benign and malignant disease of the kidney. Herein, we report our clinical experience with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and a review of the current literature. Twelve patients (27-81 years) have undergone laparoscopic wedge resection (3) or attempted polar partial nephrectomy (9) since 1993. In the group of 12 patients, 5 had a mass suspicious for a malignancy, 4 patients had symptomatic polar calyceal dilation with or without stone disease, and 3 patients had an atrophic or hydronephrotic upper pole moiety. Among the patients in the polar nephrectomy group, a third were converted to an open procedure. The remaining 6 patients had a mean operative time of 6.5 hours (5.7-8.3 hours). These patients resumed their oral intake on average 0.8 days postoperatively. In the 2 patients with a mass, the final pathology was oncocytoma (1), and xanthogranulomatous reaction in a renal cyst (1). Postoperative complications included a nephrocutaneous fistula which was endoscopically fulgurated, a retroperitoneal urinoma which was percutaneously drained, and a two-day bout of ileus. The mean hospital stay was 5.3 days (2-9). Their full convalescence was completed in a mean of 4.2 weeks (2-8). Three patients underwent a wedge resection for a superficial < 2 cm mass. The average operative time in this group was 3.5 hours (2-5.4). The mean time to resuming oral intake was 0.7 days (0.3-0.7). The final pathology was oncocytoma (1), oncocytic renal cell cancer (1), and old infarction (1); none of the patients had any complications. The mean hospital stay was 2.7 days (2-4). Convalescence was completed in 4 weeks (range 1-8). Laparoscopic wedge resection and polar partial nephrectomy are feasible, albeit currently tedious techniques. While wedge excision of a < 2 cm superficial lesion is relatively straightforward and efficient, laparoscopic polar partial nephrectomy remains a difficult technique and at present remains in evolution. Further development of instrumentation to provide for a reliable, expeditious, and hemostatic partial nephrectomy is needed.

Adult↗