Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A M Fedorov.
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The efficacy of oral antimicrobial agents was studied under conditions of monitored clinical trials. Overall 279 children with different clinical forms of acute pneumonia were entered into the study. It has been shown that the treatment of uncomplicated acute pneumonias may be started since the day of admission to the hospital. The total efficacy of oral drugs was 75%. This does not differ essentially from the efficacy of antibiotics administered parenterally (89%). It has been established that early change (on days 1-3 since the effective treatment) from parenteral to oral administration of antibiotics does not reduce the treatment efficacy but noticeably lowers the injection load of the patients. The side effects (dyspeptic disorders) that occur very frequently during erythromycin treatment suggest that this antibiotic should not be administered to infants.
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Measurements were made of the concentrations of different antibiotics in children with acute and chronic pneumonia. The data obtained do not only confirm the dependence of the peak concentration of the drug in blood serum and tissue fluid on the antibiotic single dose but also point to a direct relationship between the single dose and duration of a high drug concentration in the body. It has been established that parenteral drugs penetrate well the pleural cavity, making it inadvisable to administer antibiotics intrapleurally in the treatment of acute pneumonias complicated by exudative pleurisy. In chronic pneumonia, the maximal content of antibiotic in pulmonary tissue reaches 30% of its serum concentration 2.5-3 hours after a single intramuscular drug injection. Study of the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics administered per os in the treatment of acute pneumonia attests to their rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; as a rule, the peak concentrations were recorded 1 hour after the drug intake and exceeded many times the minimum inhibitory concentration for pneumococci isolated from the patients placed under observation.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
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Phasic alterations in fibrinolytic activity were found in blood plasma of children with pneumonia complicated by exudative pleurisy. Hypercoagulation and inhibition of fibrinolytic activity were observed at the beginning of the disease. Hypercoagulation and an increase in the fibrinolytic activity occurred during restoration. In the children with lung destruction the fibrinolytic activity was increased in blood and in exudates before the appearance of roentgenologic indications of the destructive alterations. The fibrinolytic activity was inhibited in children with metapneumonic pleurisy formed during pneumonia and characterized by long-term and severe course. Role of fibrinolysis as possible pathogenetic factor responsible for development of complications is discussed.
The aim of the work was the comparative study Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, isolated from healthy carriers and acute pneumonia patients in different regions of the CIS; in Moscow observations were carried out for 10 years. Specific antibodies to different S.pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide antigens were determined in blood serum samples by the method of heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay. The study revealed that S.pneumoniae serotype spectra in healthy children and in children with acute respiratory viral diseases were similar, while from pneumonia patients with complications of pleuritis caused by S.pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 5 and 14, were more frequently isolated. During 10 years of observations changes in the occurrence of individual serotypes were noted both in carriers and in patients. Differences in the serotype spectra of S.pneumoniae isolated in different regions were established. S.pneumoniae serotype 5 caused 70% of pleuritis cases in Tashkent, while rarely occurring in regions with the moderate climate. S.pneumoniae serotype 14, formerly causing complicated forms of pneumonia, lately became more widespread, but at the same time caused fewer cases of pneumonia with complications. High occurrence of pneumonia among children aged 1-3 years correlated with a low level of specific antibodies in the child population.