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Biomedical subjects

A M Gardner

Publications and source records attributed to A M Gardner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Interferon-induced increase in sensitivity of ovarian cancer targets to lysis by lymphokine-activated killer cells: selective effects on HER2/neu-overexpressing cells.

Overexpression of the HER2/neu oncogene in ovarian tumor cells is associated with relative resistance to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell cytotoxicity. Treatment with gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) (200-2000 units/ml) for 3 days markedly enhanced the sensitivity of HER2/neu-overexpressing ovarian tumor cells to LAK cells but had no effect on the sensitivity of nonexpressing ovarian targets. Increased sensitivity to lysis was associated with an increase in effector-target conjugate formation, the induction of target cell intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression, and the down-regulation of HER2/neu expression. Anti-ICAM-1 antibody blocked the enhanced lysis, indicating that ICAM-1 is important in the increased sensitivity to LAK cells. However, induction of ICAM-1 expression did not correlate well with enhanced sensitivity to lysis; it was maximal after 24 h of exposure to IFN-gamma and still present 24 h after removing IFN-gamma. In contrast, enhanced lysis required 3 days of exposure to IFN-gamma and was reversed within 24 h after removal of IFN-gamma. These data indicate that, although ICAM-1 is necessary, it is not sufficient for the IFN-gamma-induced enhancement of sensitivity to LAK lysis.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1990

Reduction of post-traumatic swelling and compartment pressure by impulse compression of the foot.

Following the discovery of a powerful venous pump in the foot that is activated by weight-bearing independently of muscular action, a pneumatic impulse device was developed to actuate this pump artificially. In a multicentre international trial the device was shown to reduce post-traumatic and postoperative swelling; pain also was alleviated. Evidence is also presented that dangerously high compartment pressures may be reduced to acceptable levels and fasciotomy avoided. We present an explanation of the clinical effects of activation of the venous footpump, based on recent improved understanding of the physiology of the microcirculation. The hyperaemic response that follows the liberation of endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) by sudden changes of pressure after weight-bearing or impulse compression is particularly important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A placebo-controlled trial of the effect of two preoperative baths or showers with chlorhexidine detergent on postoperative wound infection rates.

The effect of preoperative whole-body washing with chlorhexidine detergent on the incidence of postoperative wound infection was assessed in a placebo-controlled trial of 1989 patients. Patients bathed or showered with chlorhexidine, placebo, or conventional bar soap, on two occasions in the 24 h before operation. The overall infection rate for patients treated with chlorhexidine was 9%, against 12.8% in the bar soap and 11.7% in the placebo groups; in the 'clean' surgery group infections were 7.2% against 10.2% and 10%, respectively. The Staphylococcus aureus infection rate in the 'clean' group was 3% for chlorhexidine against 6% for bar soap.

Baths↗
PubMed1984

Relief of the pain of unresectable carcinoma of pancreas by chemical splanchnicectomy during laparotomy.

Peroperative chemical splanchnicectomy using 5% phenol in almond oil is an effective method of relieving pain in carcinoma of the pancreas. Forty-nine patients have been treated, 41 having suffered preoperative pain. Five patients died within 10 days of operation, but in no case was the splanchnicectomy a contributing factor. Of the 37 patients who had suffered pain preoperatively and then survived 10 days or more after operation, 30 (81%) experienced relief of pain and in 26 (70%) this relief persisted till death. There was no statistically significant difference in survival patterns of these splanchnicectomy patients and a comparable group of patients with pancreatic carcinoma treated in a similar way but without splanchnicectomy.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

A peroperative test of the function of the sphincter of Oddi.

A simple peroperative flow test has been developed to help detect organic stenosis of the Ampulla of Vater. The influence of glucagon and propantheline bromide on the flow of saline through the Ampulla during operation in 79 patients was measured. By measuring the flow rate of saline before and after the administration of glucagon to patients the effective diameter of the sphincter of Oddi and its ability to relax could be deduced. Glucagon was found to be most effective in relaxing the Ampulla. For the test to be successful impacted stones must be excluded by cholangiography, but free lying stones do not affect the test. In 7 of the 62 patients receiving glucagon flow was slow and the sphincter failed to relax. Two of these patients had impacted stones and were treated by ampullary dilatation and the other 5 (who had no stones showing on X-rays) were treated by trans-duodenal sphincterotomy; 2 of these patients were found to have small non-obstructing stones impacted at the Ampulla.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Long-term follow-up of partial caval occlusion by clip.

A series of 55 patients with partial caval occlusion by a smooth clip is presented with a follow-up period of 5 to 12 years. The clip provided continuing protection from fatal emboli, Persistent new postoperative leg swelling was present in 18 percent of patients but was generally well controlled with elastic stockings. In two patients with previous thromboembolism a postphlebitic syndrome proved troublesome. The quality of life led by patients was high and was enhanced by their knowledge of permanent protection against lethal embolism.

Clothing↗