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Biomedical subjects

A M Geddes

Publications and source records attributed to A M Geddes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Cefpodoxime proxetil in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.

Cefpodoxime proxetil is the orally absorbed ester of cefpodoxime, a new third generation cephalosporin. In the gastrointestinal tract, cefpodoxime proxetil is hydrolysed to cefpodoxime, which has potent antibacterial activity against the major bacterial pathogens involved in lower respiratory tract infections: Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (including amoxicillin-resistant strains). Six randomised comparative studies in patients with lower respiratory tract infections, 5 of which were large (enrollment of more than 200 patients) and double-blind, examined the efficacy and safety of cefpodoxime proxetil. Cefpodoxime proxetil (at a dosage equivalent to 200mg of cefpodoxime) administered twice daily for 5 to 10 days was similar in clinical and bacteriological efficacy to the following: amoxicillin 500mg 3 times daily in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia; intramuscular ceftriaxone Ig once daily in the treatment of pulmonary infections in hospitalised patients; and to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 500/125mg 3 times daily in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB). Additionally, a dosage equivalent to 100mg or 200mg of cefpodoxime twice daily was similar in clinical and bacteriological efficacy to amoxicillin 250mg 3 times daily in the treatment of bronchitis (acute or AECB). The adverse events noted with cefpodoxime proxetil administration were similar to those associated with other beta-lactam antibacterials and most commonly involved the gastrointestinal tract and skin or mucous membranes. Thus, cefpodoxime proxetil is a useful addition to the antibacterials available for the treatment of infections of the lower respiratory tract.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Open study of ciprofloxacin in enteric fever.

Thirty adult patients with typhoid or paratyphoid fever were treated with ciprofloxacin. All patients were cured with eradication of the causative organism. No major adverse reactions were seen. Ciprofloxacin is an effective agent for the treatment of enteric fever.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

The impact of a policy of collaborative management on mortality and morbidity from infective endocarditis.

The present study represents a comprehensive retrospective review of endocarditis in a large district general hospital since the inception of a formalized policy involving collaborative management a decade ago. The principle was to involve a recognised team of cardiologists, specialists in infectious disease and microbiologists in the treatment of the disease from the moment of its diagnosis. The pattern of infection has not altered in terms of prevalent organisms and valves infected since the change in management policy. There has, however, been a significant decline in the mortality, from 34 to 24% for all patients with endocarditis. Amongst those referred for collaborative management, the mortality has fallen to 6%. The single greatest improvement is a reduction in the number of patients dying of heart failure, the number of patients developing systemic emboli or requiring prosthetic valve replacement remaining unchanged. The results indicate that early referral to, and treatment by, a multidisciplinary team can significantly reduce the mortality from bacterial endocarditis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A clinical, microbiological and pharmacokinetic study of ciprofloxacin plus vancomycin as initial therapy of febrile episodes in neutropenic patients.

Forty-six episodes of fever in 34 patients with neutropenia and haematological malignancy were treated empirically with a combination of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. Improvement or temporary improvement was seen in 86% of evaluable episodes, and 75% of bacteraemias improved. There was no difference in the response rate between infections due to Gram-negative and those due to Gram-positive organisms, despite the fact that MICs for ciprofloxacin for Gram-negative organisms were generally much lower. Pharmacokinetic data were obtained from five patients while receiving iv ciprofloxacin and after conversion to the oral form of the drug. The mean plasma half life on 200 mg iv was 5.7 +/- 1.7 h and mean plasma clearance 389 ml/min. The peak serum level after 750 mg orally was 3.6 +/- 2.2 mg/l and occurred between 1 and 3 h.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Antiviral therapy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

Cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with Hodgkin's disease.

A case is described of a patient presenting with enlarged lymph nodes and in whom a diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis was made. The patient later developed Hodgkin's disease for which chemotherapy was started. Reactivation of the quiescent toxoplasma infection took place with devastating results. Prophylactic treatment in such cases is discussed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1987

The clinical and echocardiographic diagnosis of infective endocarditis.

We report the results of a series of 75 patients admitted to the East Birmingham Hospital between 1976 and 1984. Rheumatic heart disease is now an uncommon predisposing factor. The viridans streptococci are a decreasing cause of infection while staphylococcal infections are increasing and often occur on previously normal heart valves. The presenting symptoms of the disease are usually non-specific and the classical physical signs of endocarditis are uncommon. Blood culture and echocardiography are the most useful investigations in establishing the diagnosis. The diagnosis of endocarditis should be considered in all febrile patients, especially if they are ill, who have a cardiac murmur or persistent bacteraemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Cephalosporins in gram-positive infections.

Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria are an important and common cause of morbidity and mortality. Staphylococci and streptococci are the most frequent infecting organisms in skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, and endocarditis. Anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria such as Clostridia spp. cause infections that can rapidly produce tissue necrosis and death. The cephalosporins are indicated for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria in certain circumstances. These include selected patients with endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and cellulitis. They are also used as alternatives to the penicillins in penicillin-allergic patients and for 'mixed' infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. This article discusses the indications for the cephalosporin group of antibiotics in patients suffering from infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Trimethoprim in enteric fever.

Seventy-one patients suffering from typhoid or paratyphoid fever were treated with trimethoprim. Sixty-three were cured. Only three patients continued to excrete Salmonella typhi in stools at the time of discharge from hospital. Trimethoprim alone is a suitable agent for the treatment of enteric fever.

Adolescent↗