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Biomedical subjects

A M Goodwin

Publications and source records attributed to A M Goodwin.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Wnt signaling in the vasculature.

The Wnt signaling pathway regulates normal development as well as a variety of pathologies. Studies of the Wnt pathway have focused largely on very early development and on tumorigenesis. Recent observations point to a role for Wnt signaling in vessel development and pathology. Although not yet investigated systematically, several Wnt ligands have been demonstrated to be expressed in the cells of blood vessels in vivo and in vitro, including Wnt-2, -5a, -7a and -10b. Mice deficient for Wnt-2 display vascular abnormalities including defective placental vasculature. Wnt receptors, called frizzled (Fz), are also expressed by vascular cells in culture and in situ. Of the 10 murine Fz identified to date, Fz-1, -2, -3, and -5 have been demonstrated in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells; mice deficient for Fz-5 display vascular abnormalities and are embryonic lethal. Two soluble, naturally occurring Wnt antagonists, frizzled-related proteins (FRP)-1 and -3, are also expressed by vascular cells. Stabilization of the downstream signaling component beta-catenin in blood vessels has been demonstrated in several developmental and pathologic states, further supporting the idea that Wnt signaling plays an important regulatory role in the vasculature.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Leaving the asylum: a psychodynamic observation study of a move from a long stay psychiatric ward to the community.

Regular observations were made of a group of residents and staff on a long stay psychiatric ward and in the early months following their move to the community. During the period before the move, staff and residents colluded to prevent residents' active involvement in the preparations. Immediately following the move, staff seemed unsure of their roles and value, and residents expressed continued uncertainty about their identity as psychiatric patients versus members of the community. The results were interpreted in terms of the threat that transition from hospital to community represents to the defensive social structures developed by each group to cope with the anxieties inherent in their position. For the residents, this threat is to their already ambiguous identities as neither "mad" nor "normal". For the staff, it means greater intimacy with the residents and raises expectations of improvement that may not be fulfilled.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Managing the stresses of nursing people with severe and enduring mental illness: a psychodynamic observation study of a long-stay psychiatric ward.

The task of nursing people with severe and enduring mental illness can evoke stresses and anxieties for staff which are not consciously known about, but which, nevertheless, impinge upon the quality of care delivered. As a way of exploring this issue, the interactions between staff and between staff and residents in long-term residential care were observed. Alongside efforts to rehabilitate residents, nurses behaved in ways at variance with this task. These behaviours seemed to serve a function of protecting the staff group from the unconscious anxieties the work provoked. These can be understood in terms of three fundamental anxieties regarding the client group, stemming from their mental illness (fears of 'madness' and loss of control), the severity of their disabilities (responsibility and vulnerability), and the chronicity of their difficulties (failure and despair). Better ways of managing these anxieties may be possible if they can be known and thought about.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Synthesis, characterization and anticonvulsant activity of enaminones. Part 6: Synthesis of substituted vinylic benzamides as potential anticonvulsants.

A comparison of enaminones from various unsubstituted and p-substituted benzamides to the analogous benzylamines has been undertaken with the aim of elucidating the essential structural parameters necessary for anticonvulsant activity. Initial studies on methyl 4-N-(benzylamino)-6-methyl-2-oxocyclohex-3-en-1-oate, 3a, 3-N-(benzylamino)cyclohex-2-en-1-one, 3p, and 5,5-dimethyl-3-N-(benzylamino)-cyclohex-2-en-1-one, 3r indicated that benzylamines possessed significant anti-maximal electroshock seizure (MES) activity. Evaluation of the analogous benzamides revealed significant differences in anticonvulsant activity, these differences were most probably related to the differences in their three-dimensional structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Synthesis, characterization, and anticonvulsant activity of enaminones. Part 5: investigations on 3-carboalkoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-phenothizin-4[10H]-one derivatives.

A new series of anticonvulsant 3-carboalkoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-phenothiazin-4[10H]-on es is herein reported. 2-Aminothiophenols underwent cyclocondensation with 4-carboalkoxy-5-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diones in refluxing dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to yield 3-carboalkoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-phenothiazin-4[10H]-on es, 4ak. In the case of the carbo-tert-butoxy derivatives (4c and 4k) prolonged reaction times led to the isolation of the respective 3-unsubstituted-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-phenothiazin-4[10H]-ones (41 and 4m) instead. Significant anticonvulsant activity was displayed by these analogues, most particularly 4k, which was active at 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip) in mice in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) evaluation, with no toxicity noted at dosages up to 300 mg/kg. Oral (p.o.) rat evaluation of 4k in the MES evaluation provided an ED50 of 17.60 mg/kg, with no toxicity noted at dosages up to 500 mg/kg, providing a protective index (PI = TD50/ED50) > 28.40. These compounds represent the first reported series of phenothiazines which possess anticonvulsant activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The influence of psychiatric hospital and community residence labels on social rejection of the mentally ill.

In order to identify some of the variables influencing public level of acceptance and attitudes towards people with a mental illness, a social distance scale accompanying a case vignette was sent to 488 postal respondents. The vignette contained systematically varied residence labels (psychiatric hospital/community) and behaviours (disturbed/control). There was a 43 per cent response rate. The results showed that social rejection was influenced by the behaviour described in the vignette, the respondents' judgement about the behaviour, and the respondents' previous contact with people with mental illness. The given residence label had an impact on only one component of social rejection and only for those presented with the control vignette. The findings are discussed in relation to current community care policies.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Living with the opposite sex: the views of long-stay psychiatric patients.

Assumptions tend to be made about the value of long-stay psychiatric patients living on mixed-sex wards. In this study the views of 71 patients living on single-sex continuing care wards were elicited using a six-item structured interview. The data were analysed by quantitative and qualitative methods. The results show that the majority of patients preferred single-sex living. The benefits and problems of surveys with this population are discussed as well as the implications for decisions about the structure and quality of care.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Transient ischaemic attack after spinal anaesthesia.

A case of transient ischaemic attack lasting 6 h occurred after spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine. The level of sensory block was satisfactory and there was no significant hypotension. We discuss the possible cause of this previously undescribed complication.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethnic minorities in British diabetic clinics: a questionnaire survey.

A questionnaire was sent by the British Diabetic Association to hospital consultant physicians caring for diabetic patients in the UK to estimate the number of ethnic minority patients attending British Diabetic clinics, and the availability of special facilities for their care. Sixty-two clinics were estimated to have at least 50 Asian patients, and 25 had at least 200 Asian patients. For Afro-Caribbeans the corresponding figures were 33 and 14 clinics, respectively. Clinics serving a relatively high proportion of these patient groups were situated primarily in Greater London, the Midlands and the North West. Approximately 40% of clinics with over 50 Asians had no specifically adapted diet sheets, and 34% had no hospital interpreter service. Tapes, slides or video presentations were available in only eight clinics. There is an urgent need to improve the provision of special facilities to clinics with substantial numbers of ethnic minority patients.

Adult↗