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Biomedical subjects

A M Gross

Publications and source records attributed to A M Gross.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Oral motor control, posturing, and myofunctional variables in 8-year-olds.

One hundred thirty-three rural second graders were evaluated for diadochokinetic abilities and myofunctional variables. Single-syllable diadochokinetic rates were significantly correlated with open-mouth resting postures. Slow trisyllable diadochokinetic rates were significantly correlated with a dentalized resting tongue posture and dentalized swallow patterns. The implications of these relationships are discussed.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1991

Social support networks among families of children with craniofacial anomalies.

Investigated the social support available to families of children born with craniofacial anomalies and the perceived degree of satisfaction derived from these relationships. Thirty-six children (1 month to 5 years old) born with craniofacial deformities (FD) were matched by age and sex to 36 children with no significant physical or behavioral problems. The Social Support Questionnaire-Revised, the Revised Denver Developmental Screening Test, and a semistructured interview were administered. Results indicated that parents of FD children reported less available social support and were significantly less satisfied with their support. Parents of children who had more severe physical impairments and were rated as less attractive reported having less available and less satisfying social support. In particular, the social competence of the child was the most important predictor of parental social support. This result is interesting as the parents of FD children appeared to underreport the presence of behavioral-psychological problems in their children.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1990

Myofunctional and dentofacial relationships in second grade children.

One hundred and thirty-three second graders in rural public school were assessed on a number of dental, skeletal, and oral muscle function measures. Correlational analyses were conducted in order to determine whether specific myofunctional variables were associated with dentofacial development. Significant relationships were observed between open mouth posture and a narrow maxillary arch and long facial height. Labial and lingual rest and swallow patterns were also related to poor coordination of lip and tongue movements.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1990

Copper-deficient mice have higher cardiac norepinephrine turnover.

Norepinephrine metabolism was investigated in 6-wk-old male Swiss albino copper-deficient and copper-supplemented mice. Beginning 4 d after birth of pups, dams were fed a diet low in copper (Cu) (0.4 mg/kg) and offspring were weaned to this diet at 21 d of age. Half the dams and their respective offspring received Cu (20 micrograms/ml) in the drinking water (+Cu) and served as controls. Unsupplemented offspring (-Cu) had lower liver Cu levels, exhibited anemia, and had increased heart weights but normal body weights compared to +Cu mice. Urinary output of norepinephrine and dopamine was higher, whereas output of creatinine and epinephrine was not different in -Cu mice compared to +Cu mice. Both fractional and calculated turnover of norepinephrine following inhibition of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase by alpha-methyl-p-DL-tyrosine methyl ester (alpha-MT) was higher in hearts from -Cu mice than in those from +Cu mice. Hearts and spleens from -Cu mice appeared to have higher tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity as judged by increasing rates of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine accumulation following injection of m-hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD-1015), an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. Turnover rates of norepinephrine for cerebellum were not different between +Cu and -Cu mice. Loss of norepinephrine from adrenal glands of mice injected with alpha-MT was not observed in the 8-h period studied. The smaller norepinephrine pool observed in organs of -Cu mice may have resulted from lower synthesis due to limiting dopamine-beta-monooxygenase activity and to higher turnover.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1987

Attitudes of physicians and nurses towards the role of social workers in primary health care: what promotes collaboration?

Many writers have indicated that the future of social work in primary health care is dependent on the attitudes of physicians and nurses. This article reviews the literature in the field and describes the results of a study of 95 physicians and 78 nurses in Israel which found that physicians have a more positive attitude towards social work intervention than nurses and explores the differences in these attitudes in relation to particular personal characteristics. Physicians who were young, had recently received their MD degree and had been educated in Israel had by far the most positive attitudes towards social workers. Those aged over 60 years old, who had received their MD degree in Western countries more than 25 years ago were more positively inclined towards social work in the clinics than middle-aged physicians educated in Eastern European countries. The personal characteristics of the nurses made little difference to their generally poor attitude towards social work in the clinics. Those who received their nursing education more recently were more positive than other nurses.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Reappraisal of empyema thoracis. Surgical intervention when the duration of illness is unknown.

The timing of surgical treatment of empyema remains controversial. Traditionally, thoracotomy is performed either within three weeks of diagnosis or delayed until presumed pleurodesis occurs. Often, these patients are moribund and the duration of illness impossible to determine. We report our surgical results in seven patients with a deteriorating clinical course and multiple loculations which persisted after tube thoracostomy and would not have responded to multiple thoracostomies. Five patients required decortication. One required lobectomy for an abscess which developed on the contralateral side six weeks after discharge. There were no deaths or recurrences of empyema. Average times from surgery to tube removal and to discharge were six to 12 days, respectively. We conclude that one can safely and cost-effectively treat these patients surgically even when the duration of illness and presence of pleurodesis are unknown, and that the postoperative course will be uncomplicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Patient cooperation in treatment with removable appliances: a model of patient noncompliance with treatment implications.

The uncooperative or noncompliant patient presents a substantial problem during treatment with removable orthopedic/orthodontic appliances. Frequently, the uncooperative patient is labeled as having a poor or defiant attitude toward orthodontic treatment. In contrast to this attitude model of patient noncompliance, this article presents an analysis of uncooperative behavior in terms of behavior-environment relationships. The authors bring together backgrounds of expertise in both clinical psychology and orthodontics. The behavioral model presented is applied to clinical orthodontic patients undergoing treatment with removable functional appliances. Preliminary research findings suggest that the behavioral model described is a successful system for the introduction of a removable device to be worn by the patient. The techniques described also are useful for the previously uncooperative patient undergoing remedial treatment. Another major benefit of using this strategy is found in the response of the children's parents. The approach reduces the potential for and frequency of parent-child conflicts over dental health. Currently, a small sample of children are being treated by the behavioral method. Both parents and patients are involved. A specific schedule for wearing of a removable appliance is identified, along with parental observations and rewards based on patient compliance. Once the youngster is regularly meeting criteria, the program is altered to increase the desired response of appliance wear. The behavioral model has implications for various aspects of orthodontic care, including the use of such appliances as the Fränkel, Bionator, headgear, intraoral elastics, and proper lip posture. On the basis of this functional analysis of behavior, implications for treatment and prevention of noncompliance in orthodontic patients are discussed.

Attitude↗
PubMed1985

Personality variables and metabolic control in children with diabetes.

Insulin-dependent diabetic children and a group of their nondiabetic peers were compared on measures of self-concept, locus of control and health locus of control. A metabolic measure of long term diabetes control was also obtained on the children with diabetes. Data analyses revealed that metabolic control was not related to any of the personality measures in the diabetic sample. Diabetic and non-diabetic children did not differ on measures of locus of control and self-concept, but diabetics exhibited a health locus of control which was significantly more internal than that of control subjects. A possible explanation for these results was discussed and practical implications for health care providers working with young diabetics were presented.

Adolescent↗