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Biomedical subjects

A M Gruenberg

Publications and source records attributed to A M Gruenberg.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Outcome of schizophrenic subtypes defined by four diagnostic systems.

This report examines the short- and long-term outcome of the subtypes of schizophrenia as defined by four diagnostic systems: DSM-III, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, and the Tsuang-Winokur (T-W) criteria. Patients were from the Iowa 500 study and met Washington University criteria for schizophrenia. Subtype diagnosis was based on extensive chart material reviewed by investigators blind to outcome. Short-term outcome, based on chart information, and long-term outcome, based on individual field follow-up, were both better for paranoid than for nonparanoid schizophrenia, the difference being greatest using the T-W criteria. The difference in outcome between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia was greater at long-term than at short-term follow-up, and greater using residential and occupational than psychiatric outcome criteria. Outcome did not differ for the two common forms of nonparanoid schizophrenia: hebephrenic and undifferentiated. The subtyping of schizophrenia has important predictive validity, which was greatest using the T-W criteria.

Employment↗
PubMed1984

An independent analysis of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia. VI. The relationship between psychiatric disorders as defined by DSM-III in the relatives and adoptees.

In this report, modified DSM-III criteria were applied to all the available interviews with adoptees from the greater Copenhagen sample of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia. In the adoptees, reasonable agreement was found between our DSM-III diagnoses and the original diagnoses using global DSM-II-based criteria by Kety et al for their categories of chronic and acute, but not borderline, schizophrenia. Comparing DSM-III-based diagnoses in adoptees and relatives, schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, and paranoid personality disorder were all significantly more common in the biologic relatives of schizophrenic v screened control adoptees. These three diagnoses, which together form a tentative "schizophrenia spectrum," were also significantly concentrated in the biologic relatives of adoptees with schizoaffective disorder, mainly schizophrenic subtype, and schizotypal personality disorder, but not in biologic relatives of adoptees with schizophreniform disorder or atypical psychosis.

Adoption↗
PubMed1982

An independent analysis of the Copenhagen sample of the Danish adoption study of schizophrenia. IV. The relationship between major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.

Genetic investigations offer one approach at evaluating the validity of Kraepelin's division of the functional psychoses into two major groups, schizophrenia and affective illness. In this study, DSM-III criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) were blindly applied to the interviews with relatives from the Copenhagen sample of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of MDD in the biological relatives of the control adoptees and the biological relatives of all the schizophrenic or only the chronic schizophrenic adoptees. Furthermore, no difference in the prevalence of MDD was found in the adoptive relatives of the schizophrenics and control subjects. These results support neither a genetic nor a familial-environmental link between schizophrenia and MDD and support the validity of the diagnostic division between them established by Kraepelin.

Adoption↗
PubMed1982

An independent analysis of the Copenhagen sample of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia. V. The relationship between childhood social withdrawal and adult schizophrenia.

This study examines the relationship between childhood behavioral disturbances and adult schizophrenia in the Copenhagen sample of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia. Using blindly rated information from interviews with adult relatives, childhood social withdrawal (CSW) and antisocial, but not anxious, traits were significantly more common in the biologic relatives of all adoptees with schizophrenia and "chronic schizophrenia" than in the biologic relatives of control adoptees. These traits were equally frequent in the adoptive relatives of schizophrenics and controls. Biologic relatives of schizophrenics with CSW were at high risk as adults for development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Although retrospective bias in reporting childhood traits cannot be ruled out, these results suggest that CSW and possibly antisocial traits are linked genetically to adult schizophrenia.

Adoption↗
PubMed1981

An independent analysis of the copenhagen sample of the Danish adoption study of schizophrenia. I. The relationship between anxiety disorder and schizophrenia.

Familial factors have been shown to be important in the transmission of both anxiety disorder and schizophrenia. The familial relationship between these two disorders, however, has received little attention. This study examines the relationship between anxiety disorder and schizophrenia by a blind independent analysis of the interviews from the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia using DSM-III criteria. The results show neither a genetic nor a familial-environmental link between the two disorders. These results are not consistent with the unitary hypothesis of mental illness. From a genetic and familial-environmental perspective, anxiety disorder and schizophrenia appear to be distinct, unrelated psychiatric illnesses.

Adoption↗
PubMed1981

An independent analysis of the Copenhagen sample of the Danish adoption study of schizophrenia. II. The relationship between schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia.

To assess the relationship between schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) as defined in DSM-III, the interviews of relatives from the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia were independently and blindly reevaluated. The prevalence of SPD was significantly higher in the biologic relatives of the schizophrenic adoptees than in the biologic relatives of matched controls and was low and equal in the two groups of adoptive relatives. Compared with "borderline" and uncertain borderline schizophrenia as defined by Kety and co-workers, the criteria for SPD were more specific but less sensitive in identifying biologic relatives of schizophrenics. In this sample, SPD has a strong genetic, but no familial-environmental, relationship to schizophrenia. These results replicate the findings of Kety and co-workers on borderline schizophrenia and support the validity of the diagnosis of SPD.

Adoption↗
PubMed1981

An independent analysis of the Copenhagen sample of the Danish adoption study of schizophrenia. III. The relationship between paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder) and the schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

To genetic relationship between paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder) is examined by a blind independent diagnostic evaluation of the interviews of relatives from the greater Copenhagen sample of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia. While cases of schizophrenia spectrum disorders are strongly concentrated in the biologic relatives of the schizophrenic adoptees, this pattern is not found for delusional disorder. These results suggest that from a genetic perspective, delusional disorder is not part of the schizophrenia spectrum.

Adoption↗