Nipple to lesion distance (NLD) was measured on at least two mammographic views of 17 malignant and 16 benign lesions. The difference between the maximum and minimal NLDs (maximum difference) was calculated for each. The mean maximum difference was 3.8 mm for the malignant lesions and 10.8 mm for the benign lesions (P less than 0.0001). A maximum difference in NLD of greater than 10 mm implies free mobility of a lesion and is strongly suggestive of a benign process. This new mammographic sign can be used as an additional factor in deciding whether open biopsy is necessary when needle biopsy has failed to provide a definitive diagnosis.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1992

Ultrasonic attenuation of fibroadenoma of the breast.

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Adenoma↗

PubMed1992

Stereotactic localization mammography: interpreting the check film.

Stereotactic mammography is used to ensure accurate needle placement when localizing nonpalpable breast lesions. Once the localization needle is inserted into the breast, it is recommended that its position should be checked with a further stereo-image film. The interpretation of these check films can prove difficult. This paper describes how to detect and correct needle placement errors on check stereo-image films obtained during stereotactic localization procedures. The data presented relate directly to the CGR Stereotix and do not apply to the Siemens stereotactic equipment. The results are presented in a series of diagrams demonstrating the various types of errors in needle placement. Errors in needle depth produce particularly subtle signs.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed1989

Tibia vara caused by focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia.

A case of severe unilateral tibia vara in a young boy is reported. The clinical and radiological features were identical to the only three reported cases of focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia. With conservative management the child showed a complete recovery. The importance of recognising this condition is emphasised, as unnecessary surgery may be avoided. The radiologist can play a major role in making the diagnosis.

Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone↗