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Biomedical subjects

A M Jequier

Publications and source records attributed to A M Jequier.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Edward Martin (1859-1938). The founding father of modern clinical andrology.

Edward Martin (1858-1938) was the first surgeon to treat successfully the problem of obstructive azoospermia, a feat that he first described in 1902. He subsequently carried out a total of 11 such operations that resulted in seven patencies and three pregnancies. He also demonstrated that the epididymis was the major site of these obstructive lesions. He pointed out the need for semen analysis in diagnosis and also demonstrated that azoospermia could have two causes, namely spermatogenic failure and ductal obstruction. He also made some important observations on sperm movement. He was probably the first clinician to demonstrate surgically ejaculatory duct obstruction, vasal atrophy and congenital absence of the vas. Most important of all, he demonstrated the need for accurate diagnosis in the treatment of male infertility. An argument is put forward that Edward Martin deserves the title of the 'Founding Father of Modern Clinical Andrology'.

Epididymis↗
PubMed1990

Conception in the resistant ovary syndrome occurring during hormone replacement therapy: a report of 2 cases.

Two patients with resistant ovary syndrome are described. Both patients conceived while on hormone replacement therapy. Both women were taking the phasic preparation containing mestranol and norethisterone known as 'Menophase' (Syntex Pharmaceuticals Ltd). The possible mechanism of action of this type of hormone preparation in the induction of ovulation in patients with resistant ovary syndrome is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Postmolar contraception.

Recent studies on the etiology and the cytogenetics of trophoblastic tumors suggest that hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma may be conditions with no causal relationship. With the advent of newer diagnostic methods which aid in the early diagnosis of pregnancy and help to differentiate it from abnormal pregnancy together with the increasing concern over the safety of use of the contraceptive measures following a hydatidiform mole, it is suggested that a period of postmolar contraception may no longer be necessary. The follow-up of these patients should include serial sonography in association with other currently available methods. Pregnancy should also be allowed to occur naturally if the patient so desires.

Contraception↗
PubMed1985

Obstructive azoospermia: a study of 102 patients.

A comprehensive study is presented of a series of 102 infertile men with non-surgical obstructive azoospermia. Details are given of the presentation, clinical features, apparent aetiology, sites of obstructive lesions and treatment. Identifiable aetiological factors were present in only 50% of cases. Amongst these, associated chronic lung disease (Young's Syndrome) accounted for 23%; genital infection, trauma and previous surgery were present in low incidence. The results of corrective surgery were poor and this fact, together with the clinical and pathological features of the patients in this series suggests that an ill-defined change in the aetiology of obstructive azoospermia may have occurred over the past 2 decades.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Clinical findings and testicular histology in three hyperprolactinemic infertile men.

Three azoospermic infertile men with marked hyperprolactinemia are described. All three men had clinical evidence of distal genital tract obstruction, and one man had evidence of severe spermatogenic arrest. The histology of testicular biopsies taken from each of these men is described and the role of hyperprolactinemia in male infertility is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Serum follicle stimulating hormone levels in human pregnancy.

We describe a specific radioimmunoassay for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and the finding of immunoreactive FSH in human pregnancy sera. A total of 394 serum samples was taken from 204 normal pregnant women at different stages of gestation. The FSH levels remained constant throughout pregnancy and no rise was associated with the late first trimester elevation of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of varying amounts of ethinyl oestradiol in the combined oral contraceptive on plasma sex hormone binding globulin capacity in normal women.

The plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) capacity has been measured in 52 normal women, 11 women on various oral contraceptives containing 50 micrograms of ethinyl oestradiol and 11 women on oral contraceptives containing less than 35 micrograms of ethinyl oestradiol. The results show that women on oral contraceptives containing 50 micrograms of ethinyl oestradiol have a significantly raised SHBG capacity (p less than 0.005) whereas those patients on oral contraceptives containing 35 micrograms or less of ethinyl oestradiol have SHBG capacities which do not differ significantly from normal ovulating women (p greater than 0.05). Thus the 35 micrograms pill interferes less with bound/unbound sex steroid ratios than does the 50 micrograms pill.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Sex hormone binding globulin capacity and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy.

The sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) capacity was measured in 26 normal untreated postmenopausal women and 10 postmenopausal women taking different types of hormone replacement therapy. The patients on hormone replacement therapy had significantly higher levels of SHBG than postmenopausal women (p less than 0.001) and also significantly higher levels than 52 normal ovulating women studied previously (Pogmore and Jequier, 1979; p less than 0.02). This suggests that postmenopausal women on hormone therapy are being overtreated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Can follicle stimulating hormone estimation replace testicular biopsy in the diagnosis of obstructive azoospermia?

Sixty azoospermic men were investigated by means of testicular biopsy and estimation of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. High FSH levels when associated with small testes indicated severe testicular damage. We suggest that these findings offer sufficient evidence to regard such patients as infertile and that further investigation is unnecessary. In men with normal FSH levels testicular biopsy is still necessary for accurate diagnosis; in practice this may often be done at the same time as epididymovasostomy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

Relationships between prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone during early pregnancy and the puerperium.

This investigation studies the relationship between the concentrationss of prolactin and FSH in the serum during pregnancy and the puerperium. A single dose of 5 mg bromocriptine during early pregnancy induced a profound fall in the serum level of prolactin with a substantial rise 20 h later. During the initial reduction in the concentration of prolactin, no alteration was noted in the level of FSH but during the subsequent increase in the prolactin concentration, there was a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in the concentration of FSH. During week 1 of the puerperium, the concentrations of FSH and prolactin were significantly lower in lactating women than in women who were not breast feeding, but there was no significant difference between the concentration of FSH in women who had suppressed lactation with bromocriptine and in those whose lactation was suppressed by non-hormonal methods. when the concentration of FSH was measured every 10 min during a 30 min breast feed, there was a marked but short-lived rise in the serum concentration of prolactin but no change in the level of FSH. These results suggest that an increase in the serum level of prolactin in pregnancy can have a suppressive effect on the production of FSH. Although acute suckling-induced hyperprolactinaemia in the puerperium has no such effect, the maintenance of lactation in the long term does suppress the concentration of FSH in the serum.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1976

Urinary Symptoms and total hysterectomy.

A prospective study of urinary symptoms before and after total hysterectomy for a variety of gynaecological disorders has been made in 104 women. 62% were symptomatic preoperatively. Of this group 11% of the preoperatively symptomatic and 25% of the preoperatively asymptomatic either had their symptoms worsened or had symptoms appear 6 months after the operation. However, the total number of symptomatic women was reduced to 50% 6 months postoperatively. The case against total hysterectomy in the production of urinary symptoms remains to be proven.

Adult↗