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Biomedical subjects

A M Khan

Publications and source records attributed to A M Khan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Treatment of shigellosis: III. Comparison of one- or two-dose ciprofloxacin with standard 5-day therapy. A randomized, blinded trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a single dose, or 2 doses, of ciprofloxacin are as effective as 5-day, 10-dose therapy for the treatment of shigellosis in adult men who are moderately to severely ill. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind clinical trial. SETTING: A diarrhea treatment center in the capital city of a developing country, Bangladesh. PATIENTS: A total of 128 adult men with dysentery of less than 96 hours duration. All had Shigella organisms isolated from a culture of stool. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a single 1-gram dose of ciprofloxacin at admission to the study (single-dose group; n = 40), a 1-gram dose of ciprofloxacin at admission and 24 hours later (2-dose group; n = 43), or 500 mg of ciprofloxacin every 12 hours for 5 days (10 dose group; n = 35). All patients were hospitalized for 6 days. MEASUREMENTS: Stools were collected individually; their character and consistency were recorded and cultured daily. A physical examination and recording of symptoms were done daily, and the temperature was measured every 4 hours. Therapy was considered to have failed in patients who did not have improvement in the signs and symptoms of dysentery after 72 hours of therapy or in patients who on study day 5 had more than nine stools, or more than two watery stools, or were febrile. RESULTS: There were no treatment failures in the 78 patients infected with species of Shigella other than Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Among the 40 patients infected with S. dysenteriae type 1, treatment failed in 4 of the 10 patients who received single-dose therapy, 2 of the 15 patients who received 2-dose therapy, and none of the 15 patients who received 10-dose therapy (P = 0.017, single-dose therapy group compared with 10-dose group; P = 0.15 for the single-dose group compared with the 2-dose group; P > 0.2 for the 2-dose group compared with the 10-dose group). CONCLUSIONS: A single 1-gram dose of ciprofloxacin is effective therapy for patients infected with species of Shigella other than S. dysenteriae type 1. Single-dose therapy is inferior to 10-dose therapy for treating patients infected with S. dysenteriae type 1.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of inorganic fillers in visible-light-cured dental composite resins.

Inorganic fillers in seven visible-light (VL)-cured dental composite resins were examined for their size, composition, phase and content, employing the following analytical instruments. SEM observations indicated that five samples could be classified into the hybrid type while the remaining two belonged to micro-filled and sub-micron types. EDX analyses revealed that five samples contained BaO while others lacked BaO. XRD analyses showed that three were in vitreous phase, two were in the crystalline phase and two were mixtures of both. DTG thermal analyses indicated that the hybrid type composites had the higher inorganic filler content (wt%) than the composites of two other types. In conclusion, wide varieties exist in the inorganic fillers in VL-cured dental composite resins currently utilized.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1992

In-vitro and in-vivo wear profile of composite resins.

The aim of this study was to evaluate in-vitro wear by two types of slurry of 10 commercial composite resin materials (seven hybrid and three microfilled composites). There was great variation in the in-vitro wear pattern by two types of slurry. The wear rate of microfilled composites was greater than that of hybrid composites, and a negative correlation was observed between wear rate and Knoop hardness values among all materials when hydroxyapatite slurry was used. In contrast, the wear rate of hybrid composites was greater than that of microfilled composites when abraded by green carborundum slurry. These abraded surfaces were compared with SEM micrographs of in-vivo composites surface after 4 years of service. The profile of in-vivo wear surfaces was found to be similar to that of in-vitro wear surfaces abraded with hydroxyapatite slurry.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of the common cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.) as carrier of medically important bacteria.

The bacterial flora associated with external body parts, stomach and intestine of male and female Periplaneta americana inhabitating students' halls, teachers' residences and houses of low-paid employees in Jahangirnagar, University Campus were examined and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative study in P. americana revealed the presence of 31 species of bacteria belonging to 16 genera. Most of these bacteria are pathogenic to man and domestic animals. The total viable bacterial counts (TVBC/g) in students' halls, teachers' residences and houses of low-paid employees were 1.27 x 10(8), 6.04 x 10(7) and 1.65 x 10(8) respectively in the male and 1.43 x 10(8), 5.83 x 10(7) and 1.63 x 10(8) respectively in the female cockroaches. The highest prevalence of bacterial flora both in number and types occurred in stomach followed by intestine and the external body parts.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Ancylostoma ceylanicum: immunological consequences after anthelmintics therapy in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).

Alterations in immunological response before and after chemotherapy were investigated in hamsters infected with A. ceylanicum. Four reference anthelmintics mebendazole, albendazole, levamisole and pyrantel pamoate and one newly synthesized anthelmintic compound 81-470 were used. Drugs in curative doses were administered on day 30 post infection and the humoral response was assessed by counter immunoelectrophoresis and ELISA and cell mediated immunity by delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction. In infected untreated animals the precipitins appeared on day 30 and remained prominent till day 250 post infection. However with ELISA the antibodies could be demonstrated as early as day 3 post infection and peaked on day 40. Delayed type of hypersensitivity could not be demonstrated during the course of infection. All the drugs including Comp. 81-470 were effective in removing the parasites. Precipitin antibodies were only demonstrable till day 60 post treatment. ELISA depicted gradual depletion of antibody titre following treatment with mebendazole, albendazole and pyrantel pamoate. In levamisole treated hamsters the initial fall in serum antibody was restored by day 20 post treatment. With Compound 81-470, immediately after the treatment there was sharp rise in antibodies concentration followed by gradual fall and on day 60 post treatment the titre was still higher than the pretreated titre. Thus the study denotes that effective therapy will bring down immune responses of the host if the drug possess no immunopotentiating action. Therefore the immune parameters may be used as supportive indicator to successful therapy particularly in systemic parasites where parasitic forms are nondemonstrable in excreta or blood.

Ancylostomiasis↗
PubMed1990

Anthelmintic profile of methyl 5(6)-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl) carbonylbenzimidazole-2-carbamate in experimental helminthiases.

Biological evaluation of methyl 5(6)-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl) carbonylbenzimidazole-2-carbamate against Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Syphacia obvelata, Hymenolepis nana, H. diminuta and Cysticercus fasciolaris in experimental animals is reported. The compound (mg/kg) causes 100% elimination of A. ceylanicum (25 x 1), N. brasiliensis (100 x 1), S. obvelata (50 x 1), H. nana (250 x 3) and C. fasciolaris (50 x 10). It was also effective against the developing larvae (L3, L4 and L5) of A. ceylanicum at a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg. Another study indicated that the compound elicits 100% response within 32 hr of drug administration. The drug is well tolerated and LD50 is greater than 4500 mg/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Sub-populations of peripheral lymphocytes from patients with shigella bacillary dysentery with associated leucocytosis.

In this study we ascertained the proportion and absolute number of T, B and nul cell peripheral lymphocytes from Shigella dysenteriae type I patients and compared these results with those from age matched controls. Single blood samples were collected from 13 Bangladeshi children who complained of symptoms for one or more weeks. Patients were divided into two categories, with and without a leukaemoid response. The leukaemoid response was primarily granulocytic in nature, but there was a substantial increase in the mean number of lymphocytes. Over one third of the lymphocytes were nul cells. These cells rose proportionally to the decrease of T-cells, as the proportion of B-cells remained within normal range. One leukaemoid patient died. The absolute number of lymphocytes was normal and the B-cells were normal in respect of both proportions and absolute numbers. T-cell percentage and numbers were well below normal values.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1977

Histochemical observations on the mycetomes of Pyrilla perpusilla Walker.

Histochemical studies of mycetomes and mycetocytes of Pyrilla perpusilla show PAS positive material, what can suggest the presence of glycogen. The mycetocytes failed to stain with alcian blue and methyl green pyronin "Y" indicating the absence of mucopolysaccharides and RNA respectively. The mycetocytes show positive congo red. Millon and Mercury bromophenophenol blue staining thereby proving that they contain glycoprotein, tyrosine and proteins. Positive reaction with Sudan black may show the presence of lipids and lipoproteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Histochemical observation of the mycetomes of Idiocerus clypealis Leth.

Histochemical tests on the mycetomes and mycetocytes of Idiocerus clypealis show positive PAS and Congo red reactions for the presence of glycogen and glycoprotein (amyloid). The mycetocytes failed to take alcian blue and methyl green pyronin Y stains showing the absence of mucopolysaccharides and RNA respectively. Positive millions and bromophenol blue reactions prove that they contain tyrosine and general proteins. The presence of lipids and lipoprotein is shown by a positive stain with sudan black B.

Animals↗