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Biomedical subjects

A M Klide

Publications and source records attributed to A M Klide.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Precautions when using alpha-2 agonists as anesthetics or anesthetic adjuvants.

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists have some unique properties that could theoretically make them useful in the perianesthetic period: they reduce the MAC of inhaled anesthetics, and they are reversible. They also have properties that may limit their usefulness, such as marked decreases in cardiac output. Their clinical utility awaits further studies.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1992

Acupuncture analgesia.

Acupuncture-produced surgical analgesia has been demonstrated in a wide variety of species under experimental and clinical circumstances. The main advantage is that no depressant drugs need to be used. The disadvantages of its use are unfamiliarity, the need for special equipment, inconsistent effects, and lack of restraint.

Acupuncture Analgesia↗
PubMed1992

Fresh gas flows with the circle system.

If, when using a circle system, the flow of all inhaled gases exactly equals the uptake of all these gases by the patient, the circle system is called a closed circle system. If the fresh gas flows are higher than the uptake of the gases by the body, the circle system is a semiclosed circle system. The mechanical status of the pop-off valve; i.e., open or closed, has nothing to do with the definition of whether the circle is closed or semiclosed.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

The case for low gas flows.

When nitrous oxide is not used, there are no clinically significant, valid reasons for not using low gas flows. There are many clinically significant, valid reasons for using low flows.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

Vaporizer position.

The vaporizers that are positioned outside of the circle have known constant output concentrations and are not affected by positive pressure ventilation. The vaporizers that are positioned inside the circle system have unknown, variable output concentrations and are markedly affected by positive pressure ventilation. Either type can be safely used if its operating characteristics are understood.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

The case for out of circuit vaporizers.

Out of circuit vaporizers have some characteristics that differ from in circuit vaporizers. When these are understood, out of circuit vaporizers offer some advantages.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

Quantitative anesthesia.

Quantitative anesthesia is delivering anesthetic and oxygen in known quantities, the dosage based on calculations for their uptake. The uptake is not linearly related to body weight but is linearly related to body weight raised to a power. The dosage of inhaled anesthetics is calculated by the method of Lowe. The oxygen consumption and cardiac output are estimated by formulas that relate physiologic functions to the body weight in kilograms, raised to a power.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

Anesthetic depth: the undefinable.

With many modern anesthetic drugs and combinations, the traditional signs of anesthetic depth as a continuum of increasing depression are often incorrect. The concept of "adequate anesthetic depth" is difficult to define because it depends on the end points chosen to define "adequate." Because both central nervous system excitant and depressant drugs can induce a stage of anesthesia, it is vital that those using these agents be keenly aware of the specific type of anesthetic agent or agents being used, and their effects.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1992

Acupuncture-produced surgical analgesia. Physiology, indications, techniques, and limitations.

Acupuncture-produced surgical analgesia has been demonstrated in a wide variety of species under experimental and clinical conditions. Its advantage is that it precludes the need for depressant drugs, which could be especially useful in veterinary practice in very sick patients, geriatric patients, or in patients requiring Cesarean section. Disadvantages are that acupuncture-produced surgical analgesia involves an unfamiliar technique, requires special equipment, has inconsistent effects, and lacks restraint.

Acupuncture Analgesia↗
PubMed1989

Methods of stimulating acupuncture points for treatment of chronic back pain in horses.

Horses with chronic back pain of 2 to 108 months' duration were treated using acupuncture (n = 15), laser acupuncture (n = 15), or injection acupuncture (n = 15). Horses were treated once a week for 8 treatments (mean) with needle acupuncture, 11 treatments with laser acupuncture, or 9 treatments with injection acupuncture. After treatment, 37 horses had alleviation of clinical signs of pain and could train and compete: 13 horses treated with needle acupuncture; 11 horses treated with laser acupuncture; and 13 horses treated with injection acupuncture. Seemingly, the 3 types of acupuncture were equally useful for treating horses with chronic back pain.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1989

Intracranial dysfunctions: stupor and coma.

Coma and stupor are pathologic neural states whose signs arise from either massive cortical or brainstem disease or toxicity. A variety of pathological processes can cause brain disease. Often one has to begin treatment before the diagnosis of the cause of the problem is made. At all stages of treatment, great care must be taken to avoid precipitating an intracranial crisis. The physiological derangements that may aid in the diagnosis include arousability, pupil reactivity, various reflexes, breathing patterns, and cardiovascular function. The treatment needs to be both specific and general; i.e., the condition itself must be treated, if possible, and the intracranial pressure must be lowered if it has been raised by the condition. Treatments for raised intracranial pressure include hyperventilation, diuretics, corticosteroids, avoidance of jugular vein compression, coughing, and any change of the position of the head and neck from normal. When sedating or anesthetizing these patients, one should avoid drugs that increase cerebral blood flow such as ketamine and inhaled anesthetics, using instead drugs that lower cerebral blood flow such as thiopental, lidocaine, and narcotics (with ventilation).

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1989

An hypothesis for the prolonged effect of acupuncture.

A comparison of acupuncture treatment methods, schedules, and results with the training methods, and results of the experiments involved in the training of various autonomic functions, shows many similarities. Both require a number of treatments or training sessions, both utilize a reward, and both produce an effect that lasts for a length of time after the last treatment or training session. From this information, it would appear that it is possible that the mechanism for the prolonged effect of acupuncture in treating chronic pain is that the repeated activation of the physiological systems by which acupuncture inhibits pain, by the repeated acupuncture treatments, trains the body to continue this activity and thereby maintains the pain relief for a period of time after the last treatment.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1989

Overriding vertebral spinous processes in the extinct horse, Equus occidentalis.

Lumbar and thoracic vertebrae of the extinct horse, Equus occidentalis, were examined for gross and radiographic evidence of overriding spinous processes. Of 2,661 vertebrae examined, 580 had intact spinous processes. Thirty-six intact spinous processes, which appeared grossly similar to overriding spinous processes in the modern domestic horse, E caballus caballus, were radiographed. Of these 36 vertebrae, 2 had radiographic signs compatible with a radiographic diagnosis of overriding spinous processes, ie, radiographically observed lysis and/or sclerosis. Seemingly, weight bearing or other stresses imposed by human beings may not have induced the signs of overriding spinous processes.

Animals↗