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Biomedical subjects

A M Longoni

Publications and source records attributed to A M Longoni.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Articulatory rehearsal and phonological storage in working memory.

The theoretical distinction between an articulatory control process and a short-term phonological store was supported in five experiments on immediate serial recall. In Experiment 1, articulatory suppression during the presentation and recall of auditory material abolished the word length effect but not the phonemic similarity effect. In Experiment 2, the two latter effects were found to be independent with auditory presentation. In Experiment 3, the effects of irrelevant speech and word length were found to be independent with visual presentation. In Experiment 4, articulatory suppression during the presentation and recall of auditory material abolished the phonemic similarity effect with a slow presentation rate. Nevertheless, in Experiment 5, articulatory suppression with a conventional presentation rate did not reduce the effect of phonemic similarity, even when a 10-sec interval was interposed between presentation and recall. These results indicate that the encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of spoken material within the phonological store do not depend on a process of articulatory rehearsal.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Reliability of a handedness performance test in right and left handed children: a research note.

A 25-item handedness performance test was administered twice, at a one-month interval, to 85 elementary school children (60 right handers and 25 left handers in two different age groups). The laterality quotient distribution for right handers was more skewed and significantly different in central tendency and shape than the left handers' distribution. Mean point-biserial item-test correlation was 0.85. The test-retest correlation coefficient for the whole group was 0.79.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Semantic processing of unattended parafoveal words.

The influence that a context word presented either foveally or parafoveally, may exert on the processing of a subsequent target word was studied in a semantic decision task. Fourteen subjects participated in the experiment. They were presented with word-nonword pairs (prime). One member of the pair (which the subjects had to attend to) appeared centrally, the other parafoveally. The prime was followed by a target at two inter-stimulus intervals (ISI; 200 and 2000 msec). The word stimulus of the pair could be semantically related or unrelated to the target. The subjects' task was to classify the target as animal or not animal by pressing one of two buttons as quickly as possible. When the target word was semantically associated with the foveal (attended) word the reaction times were faster for both ISIs; when it was associated with the parafoveal (unattended) word in the prime pair, there were facilitatory effects only in the short ISI condition. A second experiment was run in order to evaluate the possibility that the obtained results were due to identification of the parafoveal stimulus. The same prime-target pairs of experiment 1 (without the target stimuli) were used. The prime-target pairs were presented to fourteen subjects who were requested to name the foveal (attended) stimulus and subsequently, if possible, the parafoveal (unattended) one. Even in this condition, percentage of identification of the unattended word was only 15%, suggesting that previous findings were not due to identification of unattended stimuli. Results are discussed in relation to Posner and Snyder's (1975) dual coding theory.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Lateral preference and verbal skills: a survey in school settings.

The relation among hand, foot and eye lateral preference indices and certain verbal ability tests was studied in a group of 497 elementary school children. According to the performance on the verbal ability tests, the original sample was divided into a Lower and an Upper Group, and percentages of left preferences, consistent right and left preferences, crossed hand-foot, hand-eye, foot-eye preferences and congruent preferences were compared. The only comparison that proved to be significant was the evidence of a lower left preference percentage in reading speed in the Upper Group as compared to the Lower Group. A similar series of comparisons between a subgroup (N = 14) of children with serious reading problems and the group as a whole, did not lead to significant results. We therefore conclude that at least for subjects regularly attending school, there is no relation among lateral preference and the above mentioned verbal skills.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Lateral preferences in preschool children: a research note.

A performance battery for the assessment of hand, foot, eye and ear preference was administered to a sample of 271 4-, 5- and 6-yr-old children. Results indicate that right side preferences are present for all the indexes, though to different extents. Analysis of congruency between indexes shows a significant concordance between hand-foot and eye-ear. No age or sex differences were obtained, indicating that lateral preferences are well established at the age of 3 and that no association between lateral preference and sex is to be found.

Child Development↗
PubMed1988

The effect of rehearsal on hemispheric processing in a memory recognition task.

The effect of rehearsal on right and left hemisphere performance was investigated in a recognition task in which a lateralized picture probe followed the presentation of two words in central vision. Half the 16 right-handed subjects rehearsed the pair of words vocally and half subvocally. Four different interstimulus intervals (0.5 s, 1.5 s, 3 s and 5 s) between words and picture probes were considered. Results showed no difference between the vocal and subvocal rehearsal conditions, an overall LVF right hemisphere advantage, and a trend in the linear component of the interaction visual field X interstimulus interval, indicating that the LVF advantage decreases as the interstimulus interval increases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Problems in the assessment of hand preference.

Hand preference for the original items proposed by Oldfield (1971) and information concerning age, sex, familial sinistrality were obtained from a population of 1694 subjects. An item analysis was performed which resulted in the elimination of some of the items. Handedness distribution derived on the basis of the selected items was compared with the distribution obtained on the basis of the Oldfield's selection. Results show that handedness distributions depend on item selection, familial sinistrality and age, while no effect of sex is found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hand preference in an Italian sample.

A hand-preference questionnaire was administered to 1694 Italian adults. Analysis indicates no relationship of sex and handedness and a percentage of 6.4 left-handers. The difference in percentage of left-handers across different populations is discussed in terms of cultural differences.

Forearm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The palliative surgical treatment of paralysis of the hand].

Restorative tendon transfer in upper limb palsy should be regarded as an important tool in hand surgery. An adequate planning and patient selection must be required, as well as several techniques can be used. Particularly, associated articular lesions must be detected and cured in the same time. Wrist extension palsies should be treated surgically with PT or LS transfer, whereas flexion palsies can be corrected with opportune balance in movements. Finger palsies can be treated with Zancolli's methods, including MP plasties and "lazos". Thumb palsies can be considered for extensor muscles transposition or reflexionplasties.

Hand↗