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Biomedical subjects

A M Mansour

Publications and source records attributed to A M Mansour.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Trends in the ophthalmic literature, 1949-1989.

Trends in the ophthalmic literature were analyzed through five decades of the Archives. Original articles from 1949, 1959, 1969, 1979, and 1989 were reviewed. The mean number of authors per article increased steadily from 1.24 in 1949 to 3.50 in 1989. The mean number of institutions per article increased from 1.04 in 1949 to 1.30 in 1989. The mean number of authors with a doctor of philosophy degree increased from 0.03 per article in 1949 to 0.41 in 1989. Financial support increased from 13.5% of manuscripts in 1949 to 62.6% in 1989. These findings emphasize the growing trend in the ophthalmic literature toward multiple authors, multiple institutions, collaboration with basic scientists, and increased reliance on grant support.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Histopathology of commotio retinae.

The pathogenesis of commotio retinae in animal models has included extracellular edema, intracellular edema, and photoreceptor outer segment disruption. Histopathologic findings obtained within 24 hours of blunt trauma in a human eye with clinically-observed commotio retinae revealed photoreceptor outer segment disruption and damage to the retinal pigment epithelium. The major site of injury in commotio retinae seems to be at the level of the photoreceptor outer segment-retinal pigment epithelium junction.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Role of diabetes mellitus on the natural history of central retinal vein occlusion.

In order to elucidate the role of diabetes mellitus on the natural history of central retinal vein occlusion, we compared two groups of central retinal vein occlusion, one with diabetes mellitus (32 patients) and one without diabetes mellitus (113 patients). The two groups were quite similar with respect to age, sex, systemic hypertension and glaucoma. No fellow eye had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The diabetic group had angiographically a more ischemic type of central retinal vein occlusion (72%) than the nondiabetic group (39%; p less than 0.002). Diabetics with central retinal vein occlusion should be closely monitored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Mortality and morbidity in patients with central retinal vein occlusion.

We investigated the risk of mortality and morbidity in 78 patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) followed for more than 2 years (mean follow-up 7.2 years). Thirteen subjects died at an average of 7.0 years after CRVO. Five subjects developed myocardial infarction at an average of 2.8 years after CRVO, and 1 developed a cerebrovascular accident 3 years after CRVO. Patients with CRVO do not carry a higher risk of mortality and morbidity than matched controls derived from national surveys.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Long-term follow-up of dominant macular dystrophy with flecks (Stargardt).

We present a family with dominant macular dystrophy and flecks (Stargardt) which was followed for 20 years. Twenty-three subjects out of 48 members in 4 generations underwent fundoscopic examination. Nine asymptomatic patients had a few scattered, small, whitish, drusen-like changes in the posterior pole, and an additional patient had several clumps of increased pigmentation at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium in the macular region. Five patients had macular degeneration, with the onset of visual loss at between 24 and 30 years of age. The maculopathy started as fine, punctate, pigmentary changes, with transmission retinal pigment epithelial defects (as seen angiographically), or as flecks. The maculopathy progressed into a garland of perifoveal, subretinal flecks with small, central, areolar, chorioretinal atrophy. At the end-stage, there was a larger, central area of choroidal atrophy and a wider wreath of subretinal flecks. Visual acuity stabilized at the 20/200 level. Visual loss preceded clinically visible choroidal atrophy and was coincident with the accumulation of flecks in the foveal region.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Racial variation of optic disc parameters in children.

The optic disc parameters of 66 children without ocular disease were analyzed in a prospective study. The vertical disc diameter, the disc area, and the cup-to-disc ratio were significantly larger in blacks than in whites. The race-based variation of optic disc size demonstrated previously in adults appears to be inherited, as it is also present in children.

Black People↗
PubMed1992

THC:YAG laser sclerostomy: the resident experience.

Retrospective review of 14 consecutive THC:YAG laser sclerostomies done without the use of anti-metabolites revealed a uniform closure of the filtering bleb within 6 months of follow up. Also, the sclerostomy site was closed by iris or fibrous tissue. Based on these findings, I recommend that the present THC:YAG laser sclerostomy protocol be altered to allow for antimetabolite usage, prevention and treatment of iris prolapse, and control of intraocular inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Vitreous replacement by gas as a therapeutic modality in bacterial endophthalmitis.

We investigated vitreous replacement by long-lasting gas in the management of severe Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis in 19 rabbits randomized for vitrectomy (9 animals) and for vitrectomy followed by replacement of the vitreous by a 20% perfluoropropane-80% air mixture (10 animals). Both groups received systemic antibiotics and achieved comparable intraocular antibiotic levels. Clinically and histopathologically, gas-filled eyes demonstrated less inflammation than did eyes without gas (P less than 0.01). Replacement of vitreous by gas offers an effective adjunct to vitrectomy by eliminating a culture medium, preventing vitreous abscess formation, enabling fundus visualization, and delaying the onset of retinal detachment.

Air↗
PubMed1991

Congenital dacryocele. A collaborative review.

Fifty-four cases of congenital dacryocele from several medical centers were reviewed retrospectively. There was strong female preponderance (73%) and unilateral involvement (88%). Lacrimal sac contents could be expressed by local massage through the puncta in 21% of cases. Probing and irrigation were done under general (27.8%) or local (55.6%) anesthesia, while in other cases (16.7%), the cyst resolved before intervention. Recurrence of the dacryocele occurred in 10 patients (22%) after probing. Nasal cysts were visualized in six cases. Marsupialization of nasal cysts was necessary in four cases. In one center, after conservative therapy, 80% of cysts resolved spontaneously and 20% developed dacryocystitis. Surgical intervention is indicated in cases of dacryocystitis, cellulitis, breathing difficulty from large nasal cysts, recurrent dacryocele, and lack of its resolution after a short trial of digital massage.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Racial variation of optic disc size.

The optic disc size was measured in 125 volunteers without ocular disease. The horizontal disc diameter and the disc area were significantly smaller in whites and Hispanics than in non-American Indians, Orientals and blacks, and smaller in females than in males. There was no correlation between disc size and age. Future studies analyzing optic disc morphometry need to account for the influence of sex and race.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Tolerance to topical preparations: cold or warm?

Ocular irritation from topical preparations is related to their viscosity, osmolarity, and pH value. We investigated the effect of temperature on ocular discomfort in 40 volunteers without a history of neuropathy and keratopathy. The dilating drops, tropicamide and phenylephrine were available at two different temperatures, 4 degrees C ("cold") versus 20 degrees C ("warm"). Each patient received cold drops in one eye and warm drops in the fellow eye. Ocular discomfort was similar in both groups. Eyes that received cold drops had a delayed irritation versus an instantaneous irritation with the warm drops. Cold drops may have a transient anesthetic effect on pain nerve endings that fades once the drops warm up to body temperature.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

Choroidal tuberculomas without evidence of extraocular tuberculosis.

A 32-year-old man developed unilateral visual loss. Disseminated large choroidal nodules and granulomatous optic neuropathy were observed in one eye and responded to antituberculous therapy with return of vision. There was no clinical evidence of extraocular tuberculosis. Disseminated choroiditis can be the presenting sign in tuberculosis and the single accessible yet non-invasive evidence for spread of the mycobacteria.

Adult↗