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Biomedical subjects

A M Marchevsky

Publications and source records attributed to A M Marchevsky.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Computerized interactive morphometry in pathology: current instrumentation and methods.

This review is concerned with the current applications of interactive computerized morphometry for diagnostic applications. "Interactive" differs from fully automatic procedures in that the essential function of cell recognition is performed by a trained observer, assisted by a computerized instrument that performs all desirable measurement and processing tasks. This article describes the instrumental needs (video systems, computer, and specialized hardware) and interactive peripherals, in particular, high-resolution touch screens for most common and currently useful video analysis tasks. The authors describe a number of general instrumental procedures with widespread applications (point counting, tracing of contours, graphic standards of size and length, shape analysis, automatic edge detection). Diagnostic procedures are based on the generation of multiple data followed by either multivariate statistical analysis that allows diagnosis of individual cases or hierarchical algorithms. The best current application is the objective study of controversial or difficult cases; there is a possibility that in the future interactive computerized morphometry may become useful for the mass screening of cytologic specimens.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1987

Fetal giant hemangiolymphangioma: report of a case.

A hemangiolymphangioma is a malformation of both lymphatic and blood vessels. A case of giant hemangiolymphangioma with extensive fetal involvement is presented and considerations in the antenatal diagnosis of this anomaly are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Computerized classification of nuclear profiles in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

The authors present experimental technics for the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, based on instrumental classification of nuclear profiles using a video-based system for computerized interactive morphometry (CIM). In their system, the real time video image of a specimen is superimposed to a graphics overlay generated by a computer, consisting of a test area with four visual markers for random sampling of cells and a menu with several options to send direct commands to the system. Using a touch-sensitive screen mounted on a video monitor as an interactive peripheral, a trained observer traces 100 randomly selected lymphoid cells, counts mitoses in 25 microscopic fields, and categorizes the lesion as diffuse or nodular. Each cell is instrumentally classified into either small cell noncleaved, small cell cleaved, or large, based on the length of their nuclear profiles, their enclosed nuclear area, and a circularity factor. Thereafter the computer provides a "diagnosis," based on hierarchic analysis of the data. The morphometric data are also interpreted by alternate statistical methods of discriminatory classificatory analysis that provide a diagnosis and a probability statement derived from matching unknown cases with a data base. Forty-two lymphoid lesions have been categorized with the CIM system. Studies of interobserver and intraobserver variations in data collection are discussed. The potential advantages of CIM for the objective classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are discussed.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1986

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the thymus.

A 44-year-old man with inflammatory pseudotumor of the thymus is reported. The patient was seen with fever, myalgia, and dyspnea and was found to have an anterior mediastinal mass and bilateral pleural effusions. The resected lesion consisted of a well-circumscribed mass of chronic inflammatory and fibrous tissue that virtually replaced the thymus. There was no morphological evidence of neoplasia. The patient's symptoms and roentgenographic abnormalities resolved with excision of most of the mass. To our knowledge, this report is the first instance of inflammatory pseudotumor of the thymus.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Applications of computerized interactive morphometry in pathology. II. A model for computer generated diagnosis.

We present a model for the analysis and tentative diagnosis of pathologic problems by a trained observer utilizing data generated by a video based computerized interactive morphometry system in conjunction with multivariate methods of discriminant classificatory analysis that separate classes based on unweighted numerical values and with adhoc algorithms based on hierarchical analysis. The model was tested with two diagnostic problems that could benefit from a morphometric approach: the classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas from routine histologic slides and the distinction of malignant mesotheliomas from benign effusions in smears prepared from pleural effusions. The touch-sensitive screen of the computerized interactive morphometry system enables trained observers to measure the real time image of profiles of interest either by using graphic standards or simply by touching the two extreme points of the diameter of interest. This procedure generates multiple data in the form of classes that can be effectively used toward the more objective discrimination of lesions of difficult classification by analysis with a combination of adhoc diagnostic algorithms and multivariate statistical methods.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

Applications of computerized interactive morphometry in pathology: I. Tracings and generation of graphic standards.

We have studied the use in anatomic pathology of a computerized interactive morphometry system and conditions for reliability and proper interpretation of data obtained by tracings. Because of the ease of operation and direct visualization of the tracings, we prefer touch-sensitive screens to digitizing tablets as optimal interactive peripherals. Because touch screens have fewer sampling points (256 X 256) than tracing tablets, we studied the relationship between point density and accuracy of length and area measurements by tracing models of known dimensions on the touch screen by experimenting with different step sizes ranging from every second to every sixth valid sampling point; we obtained excellent results with step size 6 followed by two-fold smoothing by two-dimensional filtering. We conclude that because of staircase formation, a high point density may be more of a liability than an asset and that the touch screen is satisfactory. By tracing closed figures of variable shapes but known areas we observed that area measurements may be unreliable with certain irregular shapes and we discuss how perimeter to area ratios can be used to compute surface to volume ratios. Finally, the generation of simple calibrated graphic standards over routine pathologic slides makes the system useful for fast diagnostic applications.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

Computerized interactive morphometry. A study of malignant mesothelioma and mesothelial hyperplasia in pleural biopsy specimens.

A morphometric study of 11 pleural malignant mesotheliomas and 11 pleural reactive mesothelial proliferations is reported. Pleural biopsy specimens of these lesions were studied with a new system of video-based computerized interactive morphometry that allows the comparison of real-time images of nuclear profiles with computer-generated graphic standards for the purpose of estimating their diameters. Malignant mesotheliomas had nuclear profile diameters (NPDs) ranging from 4 to 14 micron and a mean NPD of 9.6 +/- 0.5 micron. Reactive mesothelial proliferations had NPDs ranging from 4 to 12 micron, but exhibited a significantly smaller mean NPD of 6.4 +/- 0.2 micron. The potential technical advantages of computerized interactive morphometry over other morphometric methods are discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

The clinicopathological spectrum of non-tuberculous mycobacterial osteoarticular infections.

We studied the clinicopathological features of eight patients in whom a non-tuberculous mycobacterium was unexpectedly isolated from osteoarticular material obtained at operation. Three distinct types of infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria were found: tenosynovitis, synovitis, and osteomyelitis. Tissue specimens from these sites showed a spectrum of pathological findings, including (1) virtually no inflammation, (2) mild to severe non-specific chronic inflammation, (3) granulomas without necrosis, and (4) caseating epithelioid granulomas that were indistinguishable from those of tuberculosis. In six patients the infection responded well to adequate surgical excision alone. In the remaining two the infection responded to surgical intervention and antituberculous therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Quantitative studies of argyrophilic APUD cells in airways. III. The effects of sensitization and anaphylactic shock.

A morphometric study of argyrophilic APUD cells in airways and intestine of guinea pigs during sensitization with ovalbumin and anaphylactic shock is reported. The APUD cell densities are expressed as APUD cell number/mm of airway or gut perimeter length and as APUD cell/100 epithelial cells. The latter ratio is useful to distinguish specific changes in APUD cells from generalized epithelial changes. Control guinea pigs have greater densities of APUD cells in the larynx (0.075 +/- 0.021 APUD/100 nuclei) than in more distal airways: trachea (0.025 +/- 0.007), bronchi (0.013 +/- 0.003), and bronchioles (0.003 +/- 0.002). In the ileal mucosa APUD cells are present in greatest density: 10.0 +/- 3.0 APUD/100 nuclei. Immunization with ovalbumin followed by sham challenge with saline results in 2- to 10-fold increases in APUD cell densities in all airway sectors as compared to control subjects. These differences are statistically significant in the trachea and bronchioles when ratios of APUD cells/mm are compared to control subjects but only in bronchioles when the ratios of APUD cells/100 nuclei are calculated. Immunization with ovalbumin followed by challenge with this antigen results in similar changes in large airways. However, bronchiolar APUD cells exhibit a 30-fold decrease in density when compared to immunized-sham challenged animals within the limits of our ability to quantitate them. Our findings suggest that argyrophilic APUD cells participate in the complex physiologic events that take place in the lung during sensitization and anaphylaxis.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1984

Problems in the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the lungs by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) with the aid of endoscopic biopsies and brush cytology is recognized as a valuable approach in the diagnosis of lung cancer. However, histologic classification of lung cancer based on tiny specimens obtained from FOB can be difficult. Correct identification of small cell carcinoma of the lung is especially important because its recognition usually precludes surgery. In a review of 770 patients who underwent FOB biopsies at The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, in individuals with proven lung cancer 150 instances of small cell carcinoma were encountered. In four of these instances subsequent surgery, such as scalene node biopsy, mediastinoscopy, or thoracotomy, was performed because clinically and radiologically the tumors did not behave as small cell carcinomas. Pathologic examination of larger tissue samples from these neoplasms provided the following final diagnoses: bronchial carcinoid, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinomas-combined type. Analysis of the FOB biopsies and brush cytology usually permit diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the lung. However, in instances where the biologic behavior of a tumor casts doubt on the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma, further studies should be performed, including radionuclide scans, and bone marrow and other biopsies before denying the patient a chance of surgical cure.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Endometrial cyst of the pancreas.

A 36-yr-old woman with a history of epigastric pain and a recent episode of acute pancreatitis was found at surgery to have a cyst in the tail of the pancreas that was lined by ectopic endometrial tissue. This is, to our knowledge, the first recorded case of endometriosis of the pancreas. The clinicopathologic features of this patient and the possible pathogenesis of her most unusual pancreatic lesion are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma with lymphomatous elements: histogenetic implications of an unusual sarcoma.

A 49-year-old woman had an unusual sarcoma that recurred three times in four years. The tumor manifested initially as a subcutaneous abdominal wall nodule composed of lymphohistiocytic malignant lymphoma and spindle cell sarcoma with epithelioid and clear cell elements. The neoplasm recurred first as a spindle cell sarcoma in the lumbar area, second as a malignant lymphoma in the subcutaneous tissue of the right shoulder, and third as a spindle cell sarcoma with lymphohistiocytic areas in the abdominal wall. Ultrastructural studies of this last tumor nodule demonstrated the unequivocal smooth muscle features of the spindle cells. Histogenetic implications of this neoplasm are discussed. It is proposed that the tumor represents an unusual variant of malignant mesenchymoma of soft tissues.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1982

Immunocytochemical studies of APUD cells in airways: effects of nitrosodiethylamine and nitrogen dioxide.

The amine precursor uptake and decarboxylase (APUD) cells and neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) in airways of adult rats have been studied by immunocytochemical methods for the presence of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (hGH), calcitonin, and bombesin in control animals and following exposure to nitrosodiethylamine and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Calcitonin-like immunoreactivity (CLIR) is present in APUD cells of the trachea and bronchioles and in NEBs in the lung. Rats treated with nitrosodiethylamine and NO2 exhibit increased numbers of argyrophilic cells but no increase in cells containing specific intracytoplasmic CLIR. The presence of ACTH, hGH, and bombesin in respiratory tract APUD cells was not observed. These studies indicate that APUD cells in the trachea and bronchioles of adult rats harbor endocrine cells with immunohistochemical characteristics similar to C cells of the thyroid, and that these cell do not appear to be altered in number when rats are treated with agents known to produce an increase in APUD cells.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1981

Quantitative studies of APUD cells in airways of rats. The effects of diethylnitrosamine and NO2.

A method of quantitating the airways amine precursor uptake decarboxylase (APUD) cells is proposed that relates these cells to total airway epithelial cells or airway length. In control rats, these values were 0.13 APUD cells/100 epithelial cells in the trachea, 0.03 in the large airways, and 0.02 in the small airways. In order to evaluate the ability of this method to determine changes in number of APUD cells, rats were exposed to diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which have been reported to increase the number of airways APUD cells. The NO2 exposure was associated with a twofold increase in APUD cells of the trachea only without associated epithelial hyperplasia; DEN produced marked epithelial hyperplasia in the trachea and bronchi with a disproportionate increase in APUD cells in the bronchial epithelium only. The basis of this differential effect requires further study.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1980

The changing spectrum of disease, etiology, and diagnosis of mucormycosis.

During the 20 year interval from 1958 to 1978 a change in the spectrum of disease, etiology, and diagnosis of mucormycosis was observed at The Mount Sinai Hospital. Although the rhinocerebral and pulmonary forms of mucormycosis were still the most frequent forms of disease, hospital acquired cutaneous and subcutaneous infections emerged. Since 1974, 14 of 15 cases of mucormycosis were diagnosed during life. Rizopus species, especially R. rhizopodoformis, have been the etiologic agents identified in 13 of 14 culturally proven cases. The presence or absence of antirhizopus fungistatic activity and antirhizopus antibody in the sera of six of the patients was correlated with the severity of clinical disease. Preliminary results showed a relationship between the extent of disease and the degree of serum fungistatic activity that was independent of antibody production.

Acute Disease↗