Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A M Marshak.
Sensitivity of 492 microbial strains to 9 antibacterial drugs and their double combinations was studied. The MTC was determined with the method of serial dilutions in an apparatus MIC-2000 (Austria). The apparatus provides determination of the MTC simultaneously to 12 antibiotics in 8 dilutions or to 8 antibiotics in 12 dilutions.
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The study on sensitivity of clinical strains of the causative agents of purulent infections to carbenicillin showed that 34.6% of the staphylococcal strains, 48.1% of the E. coli strains and 40.3% of the Proteus strains were sensitive to the antibiotic. The strains of Ps. aeruginosa were characterized by moderate sensitivity to carbenicillin. The MTC for most of the isolates ranged within 25-128 microgram/ml. High therapeutic efficacy of carbenicillin in treatment of cases with purulent inflammatory processes of various localization was shown. Positive results were obtained in 82.5% of the adults and 76.2% of the premature infants treated with carbenicillin. A satisfactory therapeutic effect was observed in the cases with sepsis, diffuse purulent peritonitis and abscessing pneumonia treated with carbenicillin in combination with gentamicin.
Ampicillin levels in the lymph, blood and urine were studied in 15 patients with various inflammatory diseases of the organs of the abdominal cavity. It was found that ampicillin administered intramuscularly to such patients at early postoperative periods was well absorbed not only to the blood but also to the lymph, reaching in parallel its maximum levels in an hour. After that the drug concentration in the lymph persisted for 6 hours and markedly exceeded that in the blood. Adsorption of the lymph lowered the antibiotic concentration in it to 25 per cent indicating the necessity for increasing the drug therapeutic doses.
Pharmacokinetics of 4 cephalosporanic antibiotics for parenteral use, i. e. cephaloridine, cephradine, cephazoline and cephacetryl was studied in surgical patients with normal function of the kidneys and liver. The first 3 drugs were well absorbed after intramuscular administration, their maximum serum levels being achieved during the first hour. High blood levels of cephacetryl were determined after its intravenous administration. When cephaloridine, cephradine and cephazoline were administered in equal doses, it was found that the first 2 drugs did not practically differ with respect to the values of the serum levels, the rate of elimination from the blood, the rate and level of excretion with the urine. Cephazoline was characterized by higher blood levels and slower elimination from the blood.
An analysis of a qualitative composition of wound microflora grounded on the findings of the clinico-bacteriological examination of 315 cases with various pyo-inflammatory processes is presented here, and specific features of the species composition of wound microflora depending upon the character of a pyo-inflammatory process are shown. The sensitivity of staphylococcuses isolated from the wounds, to 19 antibacterial preparations is analyzed and recommendations on the most rational and differentiated use of antibacterial drugs in various forms of a purulent process of staphylococcal eti-logy are suggested.
The study of the dynamics of biogenic amines in the blood of patients provided to a certain extent determination of the possible thread of the drug complications. In this respect the serotonin level was of special significance. As for the reaction of leucocyte agglomeration it may be used before the treatment if there is a doubt in the tolerance of the antibacterial drug prescribed. Increased serotonin blood levels in this case also serve a confirmation of the thread of the possible allergic or toxic reaction in the patient.
Pharmacokinetics of 2 oral cephalosporin antibiotics, i.e. cephalexin and cephradin in surgical patients with normal function of the liver and kidneys was studied. Both the drugs were satisfactorily absorbed into the blood reaching the maximum level in 1 hour. The antibiotics were determined in close concentrations in the blood serum of the patients during 5 hours of the observation. No differences in the time of a two-fold decrease in the antibiotic serum level and the value of the area limited by the antibiotic blood level were found. Cephalexin and cephradin were excreted with the urine in equal amounts.
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The effect of intramuscular administration of ceporin and megacillin in single doses of 500 mg and 1000000 Units respectively on serotonin and histamine blood levels in 34 patients against the background of premedication with droperidol, promedol or atropine was studied. The observations showed that after megacillin injection the serotonin blood levels decreased. Ceporin had no effect on serotonin and histamine blood levels.
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