[Multifactor prevention of endocarditis and cardiac pacemakers. A prospective study apropos of 207 patients].
Infections after cardiac pacemaker implantation are rare (0.13 to 12.6%) but potentially severe complications. Staphylococcus is the genus most frequently isolated (72 to 100% of cases). The use of systematic prophylactic antibiotics remains controversial. From November 1991 to October 1993, 207 consecutive patients were submitted to a series of measures designed to reduce the risk of infection: a) intravenous bolus injection of Cefamindole, 15 minutes before implantation, b) cutaneous disinfection with iodinated polyvindone, c) injection of an ampoule of rifampin before closure of the pacemaker in the pouch, d) absence of drainage system. Patients were predominantly female (60.9%), with a mean age of 77 +/- 10 years, frequently suffering from heart disease (53.8%). The indication for implantation was atrioventricular block (39.7%), carotid sinus syndrome (27.5%), atrial arrhythmia (27.5%), resection of the node-His tract (5.3%). This procedure corresponded to the first implantation in 88.4% or replacement of a previous pacemaker in 11.6% of cases and the pacing mode was single-chamber (38.4% or replacement of a previous pacemaker in 11.6% of cases and the pacing mode was single-chamber (38.7%), or double chamber (61.3%). The mean duration of the procedure was 51.5 min +/- 30 min. The mean follow-up was 12.7 +/- 5 months. The overall mortality was 14% (11 cases of cardiac failure, 6 sudden deaths, 4 cerebrovascular accidents, 4 cases of pneumonia, 4 neoplasms). Only one infectious problem (endocarditis, i.e. 0.48%) was observed.