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Biomedical subjects

A M Osman

Publications and source records attributed to A M Osman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A comparative study of serum and organ alpha-amylases of the camel (Camelus dromedarius).

The activity of alpha-amylase of the camel serum was found to be remarkably high (2325 U/l as compared with 77 U/l of bovine serum). The results obtained on chloride activation and substrate affinity studies as well as the DEAE-cellulose absorption properties indicate a substantial similarity between serum and tissue amylase(s) of the camel. On the contrary, a marked difference between the camel and the bovine amylases has been evidenced.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effect of heat on the intestinal and pancreatic levels of amylase and maltase of laying hens and broilers.

The effects of exposing laying hens and broilers daily to intermittent periods of 4 hr heating at 42 degrees C on the intestinal and pancreatic levels of amylase and maltase were investigated. The initial exposure to heat, characterized by heat stress, brought about a significant increase in the duodenum and jejunum parts of the tetra breed hen and only in the duodenum of broilers. The levels of amylase in the distal parts of the intestine of both breeds sharply decreased. The increase in amylase levels in the proximal parts of the intestine under the conditions of initial heating vanished after 3 days of heating; its levels continued to fall in the distal parts. In heat acclimatized laying hens the levels of amylase were lower than those of the control hens both in the intestine and pancreas. The pancreatic level of amylase was reversely related to the levels in the intestine. It is assumed that the intestinal level of amylase is regulated by the pancreas. These findings indicate that the pancreas plays an important role during the adaptation of chickens to heat, through the regulation of intestinal level of amylase. The response in maltase level to heat stress and heat acclimatization was insignificant.

Amylases↗
PubMed1983

Effect of concentrate feeding on the bovine intestinal and pancreatic carbohydrases. Evidence of induced increase in their activities.

1. The effects of concentrate feeding on the levels and pattern of distribution of carbohydrases in bovine intestine and pancreas were investigated. 2. No remarkable difference was noticed in the pattern of distribution of the carbohydrases along the bovine intestine, which was mostly confined to the proximal part of the small intestine. 3. The concentrate feeding, however, highly affected the levels of carbohydrases in the mucosa, luminal contents and the pancreas. Their levels slightly decreased in the mucosal tissue and significantly increased in the luminal contents. In the pancreas, the level of amylase decreased and that of disaccharidases increased. 4. Based on the presence of higher levels of activities of carbohydrases in the luminal contents, supported by the concentrate-induced increase in their levels, it is argued that the site of carbohydrate digestion, including disaccharides, in the small intestine, is the luminal contents.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The level and distribution of disaccharidases in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) intestine.

1. The disaccharidases, cellobiase, isomaltase, lactase, maltase, sucrase and trehalase were investigated for presence in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) intestine and pancreas. All, except sucrase, were present. 2. Their levels of activities were measured at different positions of the small and large intestines and the location of maximum level of activity for each enzymes along the intestinal tract was established. 3. High levels of activities were determined in the contents of the intestinal lumen and, therefore, it is absorbed into the cells of the epithelial villi and hydrolyzed there. 4. The possibility of carbohydrate digestion in camel intestine is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Amylase in chicken intestine and pancreas.

1. The level and distribution of amylase in the chicken intestine and pancreas in addition to some of their properties were examined. 2. The level of amylase was found to be high in chickens and was present in all parts of the intestine except caeca where only traces were detected. 3. Most of the amylase activity was found in the contents of the jejunal part of the small intestine. This was attributed to the secretion from the intestinal tissue and the pancreas. 4. The investigation of different properties, namely, pH optimum, chloride ions effect and the effect of substrate concentration, revealed that the intestinal tissue amylase is different from pancreatic amylase. 5. As amylase in the intestine was found mainly confined to the jejunal lumenal contents, it is assumed that the jejunum is the major site of starch digestion in chickens.

Amylases↗