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A M PAYNE

Publications and source records attributed to A M PAYNE.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1959

Serological survey in animals for type A influenza in relation to the 1957 pandemic.

In 1957 the World Health Organization arranged a survey of horse and swine sera in a number of countries in order to gain information on the role and importance of animals in the epidemiology of influenza. The veterinary services of the countries concerned were requested to obtain blood specimens from these animals, if possible both before and after the human pandemic of Asian influenza. This paper reports on the results of haemagglutination-inhibition and complement-fixation tests performed on these sera in WHO Influenza Centres and other collaborating laboratories.It is apparent from these results that the Asian (A2) strain can cause natural inapparent infection in horses and swine. Equine influenza caused by the A-equi strain is also present in many countries from which it had not been previously reported, and infection in pigs with the A-swine strain, long known in the USA, has now been recorded in at least two European countries.In a concluding section, the findings in this survey are related to other observations on the position of animals in influenza epidemiology, and future research needs are outlined.

Animals↗
PubMed1957

Laboratory and vaccination studies with dried smallpox vaccines.

In a vaccination and laboratory study, two dried smallpox vaccines (designated P and Q) were tested at intervals of 4, 8, 16, and 32 weeks after storage at both 37 degrees C and 45 degrees C. Vaccine P was also tested after 64 weeks at these temperatures and gave 100% successful vaccination rates after all periods of storage at both temperatures. Vaccine Q deteriorated within four weeks, rapidly at 45 degrees C and less rapidly, but very substantially, at 37 degrees C. There was no clear evidence of the cause of this deterioration, but there was a suggestion of denaturation of some of the samples stored at the higher temperature. So far as could be ascertained, the laboratory results-rabbit skin scarification tests and chorio-allantoic membrane pock counts-ran parallel with the vaccination success rates. The pock count was found to be the more accurate method of laboratory titration. Vaccine P as used in the trial was not an exceptional batch.Vaccines which give a pock count of 10(8) infective units per ml will give the highest possible rate of successful primary vaccinations.A statistical note on the trials is given in an annex.

Animals↗
PubMed1956

Poliomyelitis in 1954.

As in an earlier study, the authors have endeavoured to review the world incidence of poliomyelitis on the basis of the available statistical information (official notifications of cases and deaths) and to compare these data with data received from various sources regarding the prevailing viruses.It is certainly not yet possible to establish side by side the cartography of actual poliomyelitis cases and that of the prevalence and distribution of the polioviruses. However, it may not be too early to make a start in this direction.In Africa there was a rise of about 40% in the number of poliomyelitis notifications. Part of this increase is probably due to improved reporting. Characteristic epidemics were observed in the west (Senegal, Cameroons under French administration), as well as in the east (Sudan, Kenya, Tanganyika, Northern and Southern Rhodesia, Union of South Africa).In America the most outstanding outbreaks were observed in Alaska, in Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Florida, and California, and all round the Caribbean Sea (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad).In the Asiatic countries the number of notifications was generally of the same order as in 1953.The incidence also declined in Europe, in spite of the fact that Greece was affected by the most serious epidemic recorded in its history. Other outbreaks were recorded in Finland, Switzerland, and Austria, where the incidence had also been high in the previous year. An increase was also noted in Scotland.Finally, in Oceania, poliomyelitis took on epidemic proportions in Australia (in the territory of the Federal Capital and in the States of Victoria and Western Australia) and in the Hawaiian Islands.

Africa↗