Biomedical subjects

A M Reichlmayr-Lais

Publications and source records attributed to A M Reichlmayr-Lais.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

[Bone marrow morphology and various hemolytic markers in growing rats with alimentary lead deficiency].

The effects of an alimentary lead deficiency on bone marrow morphology and several laboratory parameters of hemolysis were examined in two growth- and one generation-experiments with female Sprague Dawley rats. The animals were fed a semisynthetic casein-based diet supplemented with 0 ppb up to 800 ppb lead as Pb-II-acetat-3-hydrate. The evaluation of bone marrow did not show differences among the groups with different lead supply in the diet. Concerning the laboratory parameters of hemolysis it has been shown that the hemoglobin concentration of plasma and the lactate-dehydrogenase activity of serum were increased and the haptoglobin concentration of serum was decreased in the groups fed the diets poor in lead relative to lead-adequate animals. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and the glutathione concentration in red blood cells were increased in the groups fed the lead-deficient diet compared to lead-adequate groups. In conclusion, the study shows that the pancytopenia observed recently in lead-deficient rats is not caused by disturbed hematopoesis, whereas some parameters measured suggest that there exists increased hemolysis in lead-deficient rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[Hematologic changes in alimentary Pb deficiency in growing rats].

The effect of an alimentary Pb-deficiency on hematological parameters was examined in two growth- and one generation-experiments with female Sprague Dawley rats. The animals were fed a semisynthetic casein-based diet supplemented with 0 ppb up to 800 ppb Pb as Pb-II-acetate-3-hydrate. In two experiments the blood parameters of the rats of G0-generation fed the diet poor in Pb were changed to a normocytic, normochrome pancytopenia at day 21 resp. 28 of the experiments. At day 28 resp. 41 the blood parameters normalized resp. the different Pb-supply in the diet only effected the mean corpuscular volume- and mean corpuscular hemoglobin-values. It was assumed that the disturbances in blood parameters at deficient Pb-supply are caused by temporary hemolysis.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Effect of dietary hyperlipidemic components and fish oil on concentration of lipids in liver and liver fatty acid profile of rats.

This investigation was attempted to clarify the effects of dietary hyperlipidemic components and fish oil on concentration of lipids in liver and liver fatty acid profile of rats. In a first experiment male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on a semipurified low-fat diet with 6.5% coconut oil and 1.5% safflower oil, but without added cholesterol, or a high-fat hyperlipidemic diet supplemented with 7.3% coconut oil, 7.3% beef tallow, 0.4% safflower oil, and 1.5% cholesterol for 28 days. Rats fed the hyperlipidemic diet were then switched to fish oil diets with 1.4%, 2.8%, and 5.6% fish oil in exchange for coconut oil and beef tallow for, respectively, 10 and 20 days. In a second experiment male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed low-fat or high-fat diets without or with 1.5% added cholesterol for 28 days. Half of each group was then changed to a fish oil diet (for 20 days) which contained 5.6% fish oil in exchange for coconut oil and beef tallow. In experiment 1, rats fed the hyperlipidemic diet had enlarged fatty livers within 28 days. Experiment 2 showed that cholesterol in the diet was responsible for the accumulating liver lipids. Feeding diets with added cholesterol, the proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA), especially 18:0, were markedly reduced in liver, whereas levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were greatly increased compared to diets without added cholesterol. This increase was most pronounced with respect to 16:1 and 18:1. In contrast, fish oil diets lowered MUFA level in liver in spite of its high MUFA content. Rats fed the highly saturated hyperlipidemic diet low in 18:2 n-6 had reduced 18:2 n-6 levels in liver compared to rats fed the low-fat diet without added cholesterol. Also, 20:4 n-6 level in liver was markedly reduced after the administration of the hyperlipidemic diet or the fish oil diets. Results of experiment 2 elucidate that cholesterol as well as fish oil sharply lowered 20:4 n-6 level in liver, which might be due to a reduced desaturation. In both experiments feeding fish oil increased all long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in liver. This occurred in a dose-dependent fashion and reached a maximum level with 5.6% fish oil in the diet. When additional cholesterol was applied 22:6 n-3 level in liver fell. This indicates also an impaired desaturation of PUFA due to dietary cholesterol.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

The effects of dietary oils on the fatty acid composition and osmotic fragility of rat erythrocytes.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different dietary oils representing special fatty acids which varied in chain length, position and number of double bonds on fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes and on the osmotic fragility of rat erythrocytes after incubation in NaCl solutions of different concentrations. For this purpose all animals were initially fed a control diet (CO) containing 10% coconut oil and 0.4% safflower oil for 28 days. After that 10 groups of 10 animals each were switched to test diets for another 20 days in which 50% or 100% of the coconut oil was exchanged for one of the following oils: olive oil (OO 5, OO 10), safflower oil (SFO 5, SFO 10), evening primrose oil (EPO 5, EPO 10), linseed oil (LO 5, LO 10) or salmon oil (SLO 5, SLO 10). The results show that the fatty acid composition of rat erythrocyte membranes was affected by the fatty acid composition of the dietary fats. Rats fed OO 10, EPO 10, LO 5 and LO 10 had a slightly lower concentration of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in erythrocyte membranes than control rats. Groups fed olive oil showed the highest level of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the erythrocyte membrane. This increase in MUFA at the expense of SFA and (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was most pronounced with respect to 18:1 and occurred in a dose-dependent fashion. Rats fed SFO, EPO or LO had higher linoleic acid levels in the erythrocyte membrane than control rats. This increase in 18:2 (n-6) was mainly at the expense of 18:1 and occurred in a dose-dependent fashion. The proportion of 20:4 (n-6) did not remarkably change feeding diets with (n-6) PUFA-rich oils. The (n-3) PUFA concentration in the erythrocyte membranes considerably increased, whereas (n-6) PUFA decreased feeding linseed oil or salmon oil rich in (n-3) PUFA. Linseed oil and salmon oil caused similar changes in the membrane, which were more pronounced in rats fed salmon oil than in rats fed linseed oil. The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was also influenced by dietary oil, respectively fatty acid pattern of the erythrocytes. In almost all NaCl solutions erythrocytes from rats fed the dietary oils were less resistant to hemolysis than those from control rats. These changes became statistically apparent feeding EPO 5, LO 5, LO 10 and SLO 5.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Effect of dietary fish oil on serum lipids and lipoproteins of rats fed diets differing in cholesterol and fat.

The investigation was attempted to clarify the effects of fish oil on the concentration of lipids in serum and lipoproteins in rats fed diets differing in cholesterol and fat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on low-fat/high-fat diets without and with 1.5% cholesterol (base diets) for 28 days. Half of each group was then switched to a fish oil diet for 20 days with 5.6% fish oil for exchange of coconut oil and beef tallow. Total cholesterol in rat serum was increased following feeding high amounts of dietary cholesterol. This increase was due to raised VLDL and LDL cholesterol. Rats fed the high-cholesterol/high-fat diet had lower HDL cholesterol concentration than groups fed the other base diets. Dietary fish oil lowered serum and lipoprotein cholesterol, even in the presence of dietary cholesterol. In rats fed the high-fat/cholesterol-free diet triglyceride levels in total serum and VLDL were higher than in rats fed the other base diets. The hypertriglyceridemia in rats was diminished fed dietary cholesterol. Serum triglyceride concentration was markedly lowered by fish oil, whereas, this effect reached significance only using cholesterol-free diets. This was mainly associated with a reduction in VLDL triglycerides. Fish oil lowered HDL triglycerides only in rats fed the low-fat diet without cholesterol. Lipid components in the base diets did not influence serum and LDL phospholipids. Rats fed the high-fat/cholesterol-free diet had a higher VLDL phospholipid level than the other base groups. Irrespective of the base diet, phospholipid levels in serum and lipoproteins were markedly reduced by dietary fish oil. In conclusion, this study suggests that other dietary lipids should be considered when examining the hypolipemic effect of fish oil.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed1994

[Concentration of different fatty acids in the liver and brain of rats after insufficient zinc supply].

36 male rats with a life mass of 48 +/- 2 g were distributed among a depletion, a pair fed and an ad libitum control group. The depletion animals were fed with a Zn-deficient diet having a Zn content of 1 mg/kg. For the control and pair fed animals the diet was substituted with 70 mg Zn/kg diet. The duration of the treatment was 20 days. As parameters the concentrations of different fatty acids in liver and brain was determined. The concentrations of the determined fatty acids in the liver were influenced markedly by the food consumption and in a smaller extent by the Zn supply. In the brain the concentrations of 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3, 20:0, 22:0, 22:4, 22:6, 24:0 and 24:1 were higher in Zn-depleted animals in comparison to the ad libitum control animals. The contents of these fatty acids were usually between the two groups. The concentration of the residual fatty acids were not different between the treatment groups.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1993

Studies on the extraction of phospholipids from erythrocyte membranes in the rat.

The effects of choice of solvent and period of extraction on recovery of phospholipid classes extracted from rat erythrocyte membranes were investigated. For extraction of phosphatidylserine (PS) the best recovery was achieved using chloroform-methanol (2:1, v/v), for diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) acetone-isopropanol (3:2, v/v), and for extraction of plasmalogen PE, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) using hexane-isopropanol (3:2, v/v). Using hexane-isopropanol (3:2, v/v), boiling during the extraction increased the recovery of some of the individual phospholipid classes whereas mechanical treatment of the sample had only a slight effect. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition of PS and PE varied most with different extraction conditions and the phospholipid classes PC and SM were extracted more readily from rat erythrocyte membranes than PS, diacyl and plasmalogen PE.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Concentration of free calcium in erythrocytes of lead-depleted rats.

The concentration of Ca(2+)-ions in erythrocytes of lead-depleted rats was estimated using the fluorescent Ca(2+)-indicator fura-2. The lead-depleted animals of the F1 generation showed an elevated Ca(2+)-concentration, whereas in the Po generation there was no difference in the Ca(2+)-concentration between depletion and control group. The elevation of Ca(2+)-ion concentration of lead-depleted rats could be caused by a reduction in Ca-Mg-ATPase activity in lead-depletion and could possibly lead to a decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of erythrocytes.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Studies on the methanolysis of small amounts of purified phospholipids for gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters.

The methanolysis of small amounts of purified phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelin was studied and a quantitative comparison of five methods for the methanolysis of standard phosphoglycerides was made. These methods were based on methanolysis with boron trifluoride-methanol, methanolic sodium methoxide (at ambient temperature and with heating) and methanolic sulphuric acid. A further method was based on saponification with methanolic sodium hydroxide and subsequent esterification with boron trifluoride-methanol. Under the experimental conditions, only the sodium methoxide-catalysed method at ambient temperature gave complete methanolysis of phosphoglycerides. For methanolysis of sphingomyelin, boron trifluoride-methanol, methanolic sulphuric acid and methanolic hydrochloric acid were used. It was found that complete methanolysis of sphingomyelin takes 15 h at 90 degrees C. Based on these results, procedures for the methanolysis of phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelin separated by high-performance liquid chromatography are presented.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Simultaneous determination of amounts of major phospholipid classes and their fatty acid composition in erythrocyte membranes using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography.

A method for the simultaneous determination of amounts of major phospholipid classes and their fatty acid composition in erythrocyte membranes is described. The method consists in extraction of phospholipids from erythrocyte membranes, separation of phospholipid classes by high-performance liquid chromatography, methylation of phospholipids and determination of phospholipid-bound fatty acids by capillary gas chromatography. The amounts of phospholipid classes are calculated from the total weight of phospholipid-bound fatty acids and their average molecular weights. The method was applied to erythrocytes from rats. The results show that the method is reproducible and is useful for the determination of amounts of phospholipid classes and their fatty acid composition in small blood samples.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Concentration of free calcium in erythrocytes and liver mitochondria of zinc-depleted rats.

The concentration of Ca(2+)-ions in mitochondria and erythrocytes of zinc-depleted rats was determined with the fluorescent Ca(2+)-indicator fura-2. The zinc-concentration of the diet did not affect the mitochondrial Ca(2+)-concentration. There was an elevation of 5% for the Ca(2+)-concentration in erythrocytes of zinc-depleted and pair-fed rats compared to ad libitum-fed animals. The cause of this elevation could be ATP-depletion because of restricted food intake.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Dose-response relationships of alimentary PtCl2 and PtCl4 in growing rats.

In experiments with rats dose-response relationships of alimentary PtCl2 and PtCl4 were investigated. 2 x 81 animals weighing 35 g were randomly distributed among 9 treatment groups which were fed ad libitum with a synthetic diet containing various amounts of Pt during 4 weeks. Pt was added in the form of PtCl2 or PtCl4 in the amounts 0; 0.01; 0.05; 0.10; 0.50; 1.0; 5.0; 10 and 50 mg/kg diet. The Pt supplementation had no influence on life mass gain or food consumption. In the case of 50 mg/kg Pt in the form of PtCl4 the erythrocyte count and hematocrit were reduced by about 13% in comparison with the control group. Dependent on the Pt dose, the application of PtCl4 and PtCl2 induced Pt retention in nearly all tissues especially in kidney. The effects were greater with PtCl4 than with PtCl2. As a result of the higher Pt retention in the kidneys, the serum creatinine was increased for the higher doses of PtCl4.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Activity of Na-K-ATPase and Ca-Mg-ATPase in red blood cell membranes of lead-depleted rats.

Na-K-ATPase and Ca-Mg-ATPase activity of erythrocyte membranes from lead-depleted rats were determined. In P0 generation there was no difference in activity of Na-K-ATPase and Ca-Mg-ATPase between control and depletion rats. In contrast to this, in F1 generation lead-depleted rats showed reduced activity of both enzymes. Possibly, these changes of Na-K-ATPase and Ca-Mg-ATPase activity cause the reduction of the mean corpuscular cell volume (MCV) observed in former lead depletion studies.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Studies on the determination of Na-K-ATPase in red blood cell membranes.

The present paper is concerned with Na-K-ATPase. In the first part it deals with the effect of such factors as Na+, K+, Mg2+, ATP, pH on activity investigated using a soluble Na-K-ATPase from porcine cerebral cortex. In the second part a method for assaying red blood cell Na-K-ATPase is described. This method consists of specific steps for washing and preparation of red cell membranes, pretreatment of Na-K-ATPase with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) and determination of enzymatic released inorganic phosphate. Na-K-ATPase prepared and treated in this way shows a higher activity than the conventionally prepared form of enzyme, as latent enzyme sites are exposed by the SDS treatment. The kinetic behaviour of Na-K-ATPase prepared and assayed by using this method is characterized and compared with that of soluble Na-K-ATPase.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Retention of lead in growing rats with varying dietary lead supplements.

144 female rats with a beginning weight of 35 +/- 3 g were fed for 23 days a half-synthetic diet with a lead content that varied over 18 concentrations (0.025 to 600 mg/kg). Absolute lead retention was calculated as total body concentration of lead in animals at the end of the experiment minus the average lead concentration in carcasses of reference animals that had been sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment. The relative retention was calculated with regard to lead intake. Absolute lead retention increased in association with a lead supply of 0.225 mg per kg diet, but decreased thereafter. Not until a lead concentration of 5 mg per kg diet was reached did lead retention rise again. Relative lead retention decreased exponentially with an increasing lead supply and finally approached a constant value. Live mass development and feed intake were not affected by an increase in lead supply. Altogether, these results demonstrate that lead metabolism is homeostatically regulated.

Aging↗

PubMed1988

Effect of dietary lead intake on lead retention in adult rats.

132 female rats with a live weight of 177 to 224 g were provided over a period of 17 days a half-synthetic diet with a lead concentration of 0.4 mg/kg. Then 120 of the animals were divided into 15 treatment groups fed with a diet different in Pb content (0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.22, 0.42, 0.62, 0.82, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 400 and 800 mg Pb2+ per kg) over a period of 29 days. The feed was rationed so as to provide the minimum energy maintenance requirement. Pb retention dependent on different lead supplies was determined by subtracting the Pb contents of carcasses of 12 reference animals sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment from the Pb content of carcasses of rats at the end of the experiment. Up to a Pb concentration of 0.42 mg/kg in the diet Pb retention fluctuated around zero. Then the retention was slightly positive up to 5 mg/kg Pb in the diet. Up to 10 mg/kg Pb in the diet Pb retention increased sharply. Concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, and manganese in carcasses were affected only slightly by the varying concentration of lead in the diet.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Effects of lead deficiency on lipid metabolism.

The criteria of lipid metabolism in lead deficiency were determined. For this purpose an experiment was performed with Sprague-Dawley rats distributed in depletion and control groups. The depletion rats were fed an extremely low lead content diet (20 +/- 5 ppb), whereas the diet for the control animals was supplemented with 800 ppb Pb++. Dependent on generation, depletion influenced triglyceride content in serum and liver, phospholipid and cholesterol content in liver as well as the whole body fat of the offspring. The results indicate that in mothers the absorption of lipids is impaired. Consequently it is possible that the mothers do not excrete enough fat with milk leading to an energetical deficiency and therefore to reduced growth.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Iron levels of muscle after various iron and protein intakes].

In a 2 X 3 factorial experiment with growing rats (starting weight 32 g) the Fe content (5, 25, 625 mg/kg) and the protein content (5, 25, 45%) of the diet was varied. The diets were fed ad libitum for 35 days. At the end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed. The iron content was determined in a defined sample of musculus supraspinalis after dry ashing with AAS. An insufficient protein supply produced an overall increased iron content and a reduced muscle mass. A deficient iron supply caused a lowered iron content in the muscle in the case of sufficient and excessive protein content of the diet. On the other hand an iron supply exceeding the requirement did not lead to higher iron contents.

Animals↗