Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A M Soldatova.
The state of visual working capacity was comparatively investigated under conditions of natural light and artificial light using different sources of light (filament lamps, luminescent, sodium, mercury-arc lamps). It was found that sodium lamps were most adequate for high functional capacity of the visual analyzer.
In conditions of a laboratory experiment using illumination of various light sources (by incandescent, luminescent, arc-mercury, natrium lamps), determination of visual acuity, visual field, color perception, restoration time of visual acuity after macular flash lighting (photostress test), Heidinger's phenomenon as well as visocontrastometry after V. V. Volkov, Weston's correction test were conducted in 46 patients (92 eyes) with macular dystrophy and 50 healthy persons in the dynamics of a working day. It was found that the spectral composition of the visible light has a remarkable influence on the function of color perception, contrast sensitivity, reaction of visual analyser on light load, visual ability to work. In patients with macular dystrophy, the dependence on the light medium was expressed much greater than in healthy persons. The highest functional state of the retina and visual ability to work in patients with macular dystrophy were provided by natrium lamps having a maximum radiation in the yellow part of the spectrum. The short-wave visible light of arc-mercury and luminescent lamps somewhat suppressed the functional state of the retina and reduced visual ability to work. The results obtained are important for selection of optimal conditions of work for patients with macular dystrophy.
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It is shown in experiments is vivo that development of experimental metabolic alkalosis in rats is followed by changes in redox processes in the eye retina and tunic. For the first two months of the experiment the number of sulphydryl group decreases, while that of disulphide ones of water-soluble proteins and low-molecular compounds increases. The amount of oxidized metabolites of glycolysis and of a cycle of tricarboxylic acids (pyruvate, oxaloacetate, alpha-ketoglutarate) increases relative to the reduced ones (lactate, isocitrate, malate), as well as activities of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, while activities of fructose diphosphatase, glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase fall. The content of malonic dialdehyde increases. 90 days later disorders of certain compensatory mechanisms of the metabolic system of alkalosis regulation probably occurred in the eye retina and tunic tissues: hexokinase and pyruvate kinase activity fell to the control values, while that of NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase--below the control level; the content of lactate increased. Activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes remained low and the amount of malonic dialdehyde grew much more than in the previous terms.
Importance of free radical oxidation in development of age-dependent dystrophy of retina was studied. The newly developed hypothesis of the disease pathogenesis suggests that an increase in the rate of photosensitized free radical oxidation occurred in retina tissue due to a deficiency in reduction equivalents in these patients as well as to a lack of exogenous antioxidants. Complexes of vitamins-antioxidants were advanced for treatment of the patients with sclerotic maculodystrophy.
A study is reported of the dynamics of the activity of enzymes markers of different metabolic ways--glycolysis, pentosophosphate cycle, gluconeogenesis--in erythrocytes of 157 practically healthy subjects in two age groups: from 20 to 35 years and from 35 to 60 years. It was shown that seasonal biorhythms of the above values that were definite in the young changed with age. These findings suggest the necessity of a chronobiological approach to research and clinico-laboratory investigations.