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Biomedical subjects

A M Sow

Publications and source records attributed to A M Sow.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus: analysis of 10 African cases].

This retrospective study of 10 patients with hyperthyroidisma and diabetes mellitus concerned 8 women and 2 men, aged from 15 to 77 years. The two disease developed at the same time in 8 cases. Diabetes mellitus occurred first in 2 cases. Common signs were loss of weight. Hyperthyroidism led to tachycardia at more than 100 bpm. Diarrhea was observed simultaneously in 2 cases and muscular weakness in 5. Goiter was found in 10 cases with a diffuse aspect. Graves' disease was diagnosed with exophthalmia in 9 cases and affected both eyes in 8. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones confirmed diagnosis in 8 cases. Diabetes was insulin-dependent in 3 cases and non-insulin dependent in the 7 others. IDDM patients (2 female and 1 male) were aged 15, 17 and 38. Keto acidosis was the first symptom in all cases. NIDDM patients (6 female and 1 male) were aged between 37 and 77.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Hyperthyroidism in people over 50 years of age in Senegal. Study of 31 cases observed over a 14-year period].

PURPOSE: Though common in elderly, with poor and masked symptomatology, hyperthyroidism has never been studied in people older than 50 years of age in African countries. METHODS: Of the 300 cases of hyperthyroidism that were observed during this study, 31 belonged to this category. We analyzed the frequency of various parameters, demographic characteristics, motivation for consulting, thyrotoxic syndrome, non thyrotoxic signs, cardiac manifestations, hormonal and scintigraphic characteristics, etiology and etiologic factors, and treatment. RESULTS: The frequency of hyperthyroidism in this population was 10%. Housewives were more numerous, with 20 cases observed in the 31 patients. The main group (13/31) was of rural origin. Signs that predominantly led to consultation were weight loss (23/31), cervical tumor (17/31), and palpitations (12/31). Three major signs were associated with the thyrotoxic syndrome: weight loss (29 cases), tachycardia (27/31), and the existence of tremors in the extremities (22/31). Hormone assays showed that thyroxine (T4) was about 265 +/- 74 nmol/L and triiodothyronine (T3) about 6 +/- 2 nmol/L, at immunoradiometric assay; thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was about 0.17 +/- 0.23 muIU/mL. Eye protrusion predominated in the nonthyrotoxic syndrome, with 25 cases in the 31 patients. Etiologic forms of the disease were composed of 25 Grave's disease, with 22 typical cases. Etiologic factors were various, however without any case of neoplasia. Cardiac complications included two cases of atrial fibrillation. No iatrogenic form of the disease was observed. Mean initial carbimazole dosage was about 34 +/- 8 mg/d. Of the 23 patients, 15 had a favourable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, the high number of housewives and the patients' rural origin were less characteristic of hyperthyroidism than the Grave's disease etiology. This might be due to the young age of this African population.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

[Thyrotoxic neuromyopathies].

Chronic thyreotoxic neuromyopathy was observed in four patients. The first two cases were observed in a 43-year-old woman and a 60-year-old man. In the man, muscle disorders were the first manifestation and in the woman they were preceded by Graves' hyperthyroidism. Muscle signs were seen as functional impotency with amyotrophy of the girdle which was major in the man and minor in the woman. In a third case, a pyramidal syndrome was associated with polyneuropathy in a 28-year old man. Laboratory tests showed hyperthyroidism, neurological signs regressed with antithyroid drug therapy. A fourth case presented as thyrotoxic hypokaliemic periodic palsy in a 37-year-old man who had loss 12 kg over a two month period after a psychological stress. This man then experienced two acute episodes of hypokaliemia and hypotonic tetraplegia. These signs were linked to Graves' hyperthyroidism. Clinical course was good under carbimazole and then radioactive iodine. These four cases illustrate the reality of thyrotoxic neuromyopathies in black Africans.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Insulin-dependent diabetes in Senegal: HLA-DR combinations according to age of onset and sex].

In insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, HLA-DR markers are involved, namely DR3, DR4 and DR9 alleles, among black senegalese populations. Studying the different associations of these alleles showed a strong predisposition to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with DR3/4 (p > 10(-2); OR = 13.6); DR4/9 (p < 10(-2); OR = 8.32) and DR9/9 (p < 0.05; OR = 7.78). And then it was observed a tendency to an inverse relationship of DR3/4 frequency with age of onset in male patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Contribution of plasma C-peptide to the classification of sugar diabetes in Dakar, Senegal].

When diabetes has been diagnosed, its classification into different types is traditionally carried out according to clinical criteria. But with arising of new parameters, one of which is C-peptide, and various subtypes of diabetes, it became more difficult. So, in order to improve the accuracy of the classification, 270 diabetic patients and 269 controls, all black senegalese subjects, were submitted to a two-step oral glucose tolerance test (0 and 120 min.) with determination of plasma glucose and C-peptide concentrations. The majority of NIDDM were confirmed at the opposite of IDDM; furthermore, it has been pointed out a group corresponding with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) among the initial controls. When comparing the two classification modes, before and after plasma C-peptide determination, it appeared statistically significant differences with p values of 10(-4) for both IDDM and NIDDM.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[HLA-DR:DQ genotypes and insulin-dependent diabetes in Senegal].

At the opposite of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ was not well documented in homogeneous negroïd populations. So, 93 IDDM and 115 control patients, all black senegalese people, were studied. The results showed three HLA-DQ IDDM-related susceptibility genotypes and also a high risk conferred by HLA-DR4/DR9 usually described in Mongoloïd people. Furthermore, DR:DQ associations allowed the identification of three IDDM predisposition genotypes, each of them with a characteristic mean age for disease diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Basedow's disease and pregnancy in a black African population. Epidemiology and interrelations in 51 pregnancies].

Forty one patients with 51 pregnancies form the basis of this study of etiological factors and reciprocal effects of pregnancy and thyrotoxicosis. Pregnancy influences the course of thyrotoxicosis and may modify its diagnostic aspects, clinical course, variations in laboratory parameters and treatment. The effect of thyrotoxicosis on pregnancy may lead to abortions, premature labour and/or toxemia. It may sometimes influence the products of conception. The essential point appears to be to seek the minimal dose of antithyroid drug capable of controlling thyroid disease without impairing fetal thyroid function.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Apropos of three cases of Turner's syndrome].

The authors report 3 cases of Turner's syndrome. These rare observations in Africans are the opportunity to give clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of Turner's syndrome. The importance of molecular biology in this disease is emphasized. All this because consensus about diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations are projected.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Echographic and velocimetric aspects of arteriopathies in the diabetic].

AIMS: Study of Diabetic arteriopathies Arteriopathies in cervico encephalic arteries and lower limbs were detected both with Echography and Doppler flow velocity waveform analysis from 60 treated patients. They were shared into 34 women (57%) and 26 men (43%). Patients age varied between 39 and 77 years. 85% were non insulin dependent versus 15% insulin dependent patients. 36 patients (60%) presented arterial abnormalities, 14 of which (23.33%) were located in the lower limbs, 19 (31.66%) in the carotid arteries, and 3 (7%) in both carotid arteries and the lower limbs. Arteriopathies were found in medium aged patients (40-60 years). Arteriopathies are often noted in medium aged diabetics. The prevalence of lesions were relatively higher in supra-aortic trunks (36%) than in lower limbs arteries (28%). They are distal in lower limbs and constitute a factor of diabetes prognosis. The sensitivity and the less expensive cost of ultrasonor methods give a first choice to these technics in the patients following up and prevention of vascular complications of diabetes in Africa.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Diabetic pregnancy in Senegal (years 1980 to 1989)].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetic Pregnancy Prognosis in Seventies is it better in Eighties because of Patient Education? METHODOLOGY: Retrospectively, since 1980 to 1989, in Women in status to breed, Diabetic Pregnancy was screened in our Department. W.H.O.'s (1980) Diabetes Mellitus Criterias, PEDERSEN's Criterias, White's Classification were used. Studied Parameters were etiologic factors (age, type, Diabetes oldness and control), former and present Evolution of Pregnancies (term and pregnancy's product). RESULTS: A--In Global Study, 15.07% Diabetic Pregnancies were observed: 22 (37%) Insulin Dependent and 38 (63%) Non Insulin Dependent. The global mean of age was 31 years; Diabetic Mellitus was less than 10 years old in 90% cases whatever the type. Their control was not good (Glycemic Control < 1.4 g/l in less than 50%). Diabetes complications were nephropathy (13.6% and 8%), retinopathy (13.6% and 18.5%), arterial hypertension (0% and 26.32%), cetoacidosis (31.42% and 0%), urinary tract infection (18% and 0%) respectively in Insulin Dependent and Non Insulin Dependent Pregnancies. Near a third (31.6%) of Insulin Dependent and a third (33.41%) for Non Insulin Dependent were of D, F, H White's Class. Multipares were often Non Insulin Dependent and inversely Insulin Dependent frequently paucipare. Former Pregnancies had near 25.5% interrupted term in Insulin Dependents. Present Pregnancies have given 28.5% and 32% of Normal Children: 14.25 and 12% of Abortions and 14.25% and 6% of Spontaneous Premature Parturitions respectively in Insulin Dependents and Non Insulin Dependents. B--In Analytic Study of Foetopathies, bad Prognosis Factors were high Maternal Age, Multiparity, bad Glycemic Control whatever Diabetes type. For Insulin Dependent, Negligency was added and for Non Insulin Dependent, Obesity, Arterial Hypertension and all PBSP. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: A relatively mild Diabetic Pregnancy Prognosis in our areas with limited means has been observed despite of Patients Education.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Antithrombin III in the Senegalese diabetic].

The chronometric method was applied to 141 diabetics and 151 reference subjects from both sexes aged between 19 and 60 years, all of Black race and Senegalese nationality, to study the effects of Antithrombin III (AT III). A significant reduction in the physiological activity of antithrombin III (AT III) was observed for ages 36-45 and 56-60 and correlated with obesity and other complications. With our patients, insulin dependence does not seem provoke any reduction in antithrombin III's effectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hepatitis D (delta agent) in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and liver disease in Senegal.

A total of 308 individuals belonging to ten different ethnic groups in Senegal were investigated. They suffered from primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and other liver diseases, or were healthy controls. Their sera were investigated for the presence of markers of infection with hepatitis B and D (delta agent) virus. Out of 130 clinically diagnosed patients with PHC, 88 had alpha-fetoprotein levels above 100 micrograms/l, supporting the diagnosis. After clinical examination, 133 subjects were considered to be healthy or to have a liver disease other than PHC. Among these, 83 (31 clinically healthy and 52 with liver disease) had alpha-foetoprotein less than 15 micrograms/l and were therefore considered not to have PHC. Out of the 88 patients with definite PHC, 74% were positive for HBsAg, whereas out of the 83 subjects without PHC, 50% of those with other liver disease and 26% of the healthy controls were positive. Anti-delta was present in 21% of the patients with or without PHC. It was found in nine different ethnic groups in the country. The present data confirm that HBV is related to the etiology of PHC. The present investigation showed a high prevalence of delta antibodies in patients with PHC, but against the role of hepatitis D infection in the evolution of malignancy is the fact that it was equally common in chronic liver disease without evidence of carcinoma.

Adult↗